Unit 1 (1491-1607) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main idea for Unit 1?

A

The societal makeup of the Americas before the Europeans arrived and then how the Europeans affected or got affected. Trade Networks

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2
Q

What was there before the Europeans arrive?

A

Native Americans from different continents which were different diverse groups and lived their lives based on their living conditions

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3
Q

Native Americans in Coasted Areas?

A

Fishing villages

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4
Q

Different types of Native people?

A

Utah & Colorado- Pueblo(farmers, settled population, planted & harvested crops(maze)), advanced irrigation systems(got water in their crops by near bodies of water), cliff dwellings(shelter & homes built in cliffs)

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5
Q

Different types of Native people? *

A

North Colorado & Canada- UTE people- Great basin region, great plain region of continents, nomadic hunter gatherers, lived in bans/clans not cities

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6
Q

Different types of Native people? **

A

Northwest & Pacific Coast- Chumash people- Permanent settlements because of fish & diverse plant life, big villages, regional trade networks in coast

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7
Q

Different types of Native people? ***

A

Pacific Northwest- Similar to Chumash but made homes out of planks

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8
Q

Different types of Native people? **

A

North East- Iroquois- Good crops, long houses made out of timber

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9
Q

Different types of Native people? *****

A

West/ Mississippi River- Cahokia- farmers centralized government

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10
Q

How was is before the Europeans came?

A

1300-1400, Europeans were becoming centralized states governed by monarchs who liked wealthy goods, wanted to get goods from Asia but couldn’t because muslims controlled land based trading which led to Europeans using sea based trading routes. Used Feudalism- peasants lived in a noble land & worked & the nobles would protect the peaseants

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11
Q

What was the Trading Post Empire?

A

The first European nation to start trading post was Portugal & it established trading post around Africa. Imperial dominance based on trade. Led to Europeans getting hold of Indian ocean trade network

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12
Q

Maritime Tech?

A

Astronomical Charts- Reckoning, Astrolabe- Compass, Different ship designs- To make it easier to trade, Lateen sails- Navigate

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13
Q

Who joined the ocean trade?

A

Spain joined ocean trade, reconquest of Iberian peninsula, North African muslim wars consequences- spread catholicism & had new economic opportunities in the East

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14
Q

Who was Christopher Columbus?

A

Major Turning Point- Italian sailor who wanted to sail West for Asian wealth in the atlantic ocean in 1492 & ran into the caribbean, he found wealth & spread the news when he got back home which led to competition between European nations such as Portugal, France, & England to explore the caribbean

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15
Q

Columbian Exchange?

A

Trade of people, plants, animals, & disease between the East & the West

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16
Q

CE- Foods

A

Americas gave potatoes & tomatoes to Europeans. Europeans gave wheat & rice to Americas

17
Q

CE- Animals

A

Americans gave Turkeys to Europeans. Europeans gave cattle & horses to the Ameircas

18
Q

CE- Wealth

A

Americas gave gold to Europeans

19
Q

CE- Disease

A

Europeans settled in Americas which led to Europeans bringing blacks disease & small pox

20
Q

Capitalism?

A

Societal shift in Europeans states . Economic system based on private ownership exchange

21
Q

Joint Stock Companies?

A

Funded exploration. Limited liability organization in which investors pool money to fund ventors & collected money when successful. States modeled exploration differently funded

22
Q

Colonization?

A

Spain found agriculture that was going to make them money which was the encomienda system

23
Q

Encomienda System?

A

Harness agriculture ambition labor system where spanish enslaved natives to farm & mine in Americas, found problems because Natives found ways to escape since it was their home grounds & Americas weren’t from there, Natives kept dying from diseases. Blacks were used since they spent so much time with the Europeans while trading they became immune to their diseases

24
Q

Casta System?

A

Spain dominated central & south America & reordered society by using Casta System- racial hierarchy(Spaniards were at top, natives were at bottom

25
Q

How did Europeans feel about Natives?

A

Looked down on their exploitation, military alliances, forced labor, christian conversion. They both adopted practices from each other Americans & Europeans learned how to hunt and cultivate maze from natives, Natives got iron tools & weapons from Europeans & Americans

26
Q

How did Europeans treat Natives?

A

Europeans justified abusing Natives with beliefs & Spain believed natives were less humanized & treated them badly

27
Q

Who was Sepulveda?

A

Believed Native americans benefited because of harsh treatment

28
Q

Las Casas?

A

Argued that Natives should be treated fairly. He spent time with them & defended them & persuaded Kinds to pass laws to end slavery of natives. Wealthy nobles feared that & persuaded the King to abolish those laws

29
Q

How did Europeans treat Blacks?

A

Badly & justified it because in the Bible Noah curses Canon’s descendants to be slaves for the rest of their lives & the europeans thought that it was talking about black people

30
Q

Plantation Colonies?

A

Tobacco made Britain colonies in the Chesapeake region economically viable, by mid 1200s tobacco was the most valuable cash crop