Unit 1 Flashcards
If the net force acting on the object increases while the mass of the object remains constant, what happens to acceleration?
It increases
If Earth moved to half its current distance from the sun, how would the force of the sun’s gravity on earth change
It’d become 4 times stronger
What did Newton’s Law of universal gravitation tell us about how gravity works?
The force of gravity from the sun will be stronger on an object with more mass
Earth radius is about 6400 km. If in orbit in the space station 150 km up, the force of gravity felt from earth would be
Weaker than when standing on earth
Mars has 1/0 the mass of the Earth and 1/2 the radius of Earth. What’s Mars’s surface gravity relative to that of earth
4/10th
What would happen to earth if the Sun’s gravity turned off instantaneously?
It would continue to move in the same direction it was going in when the gravity turned off
What causes seasons?
The tilt of a body with respect to the plane in which they orbit the sun
Earth’s tilt
23.3 degrees, meaning the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are alternating lay tipped towards or away from the sun
Influence of axial tilt on seasons
Planets with more dramatic tilt have more extreme differences in seasonal temperature differences. Planets with no tilt have no seasons
Why doesn’t distance from the sun matter in seasons?
Bc planets have nearly circular orbits with very little variation
Newton’s Laws
Objects at motion or at rest stay that way unless acted upon by a force
The magnitude of force necessary to produce a certain acceleration on a body will be directly proportional to its mass. More mass = more force
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Force formula
Force = mass * acceleration
When is the moon transiting
When it’s at the highest point in its orbit
When does the waxing crescent rise
9 AM
When does the waning gibbous set
9 am
Lunar Eclipse
Moon is fully visible, but earth’s shadow moves across the moon, covering it partially or completely.
Solar Eclipse
When the moon blocks the sun’s light, or a location on earth is passing under the moon’s shadow
Why don’t solar eclipses happen once a month
The moon’s orbit around earth is tilted 5 degrees relative to earth’s orbit of the sun. The geometry only lines up about twice a year
Penumbra
Moon’s outer shadow, where partial eclipses are seen
Umbra
Moon’s inner shadow, where total eclipses are seen
Inclination
The tilt of a moon’s orbit compared to that of the planet around the sun. Earth’s moon’s is about 5 degrees, explaining the rarity of eclipses
seven principles of design
Balance
Rhythm
Pattern
Emphasis
Contrast
Unity
Movement
Scattering
Reflection or re-direction of light by small particles
Ecliptic Plane
Plane in which the earth orbits the sun. Other planets orbit close to the ecliptic plane
