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astro 7n > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

If the net force acting on the object increases while the mass of the object remains constant, what happens to acceleration?

A

It increases

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2
Q

If Earth moved to half its current distance from the sun, how would the force of the sun’s gravity on earth change

A

It’d become 4 times stronger

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3
Q

What did Newton’s Law of universal gravitation tell us about how gravity works?

A

The force of gravity from the sun will be stronger on an object with more mass

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4
Q

Earth radius is about 6400 km. If in orbit in the space station 150 km up, the force of gravity felt from earth would be

A

Weaker than when standing on earth

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5
Q

Mars has 1/0 the mass of the Earth and 1/2 the radius of Earth. What’s Mars’s surface gravity relative to that of earth

A

4/10th

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6
Q

What would happen to earth if the Sun’s gravity turned off instantaneously?

A

It would continue to move in the same direction it was going in when the gravity turned off

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7
Q

What causes seasons?

A

The tilt of a body with respect to the plane in which they orbit the sun

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8
Q

Earth’s tilt

A

23.3 degrees, meaning the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are alternating lay tipped towards or away from the sun

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9
Q

Influence of axial tilt on seasons

A

Planets with more dramatic tilt have more extreme differences in seasonal temperature differences. Planets with no tilt have no seasons

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10
Q

Why doesn’t distance from the sun matter in seasons?

A

Bc planets have nearly circular orbits with very little variation

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11
Q

Newton’s Laws

A

Objects at motion or at rest stay that way unless acted upon by a force

The magnitude of force necessary to produce a certain acceleration on a body will be directly proportional to its mass. More mass = more force

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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12
Q

Force formula

A

Force = mass * acceleration

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13
Q

When is the moon transiting

A

When it’s at the highest point in its orbit

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14
Q

When does the waxing crescent rise

A

9 AM

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15
Q

When does the waning gibbous set

A

9 am

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16
Q

Lunar Eclipse

A

Moon is fully visible, but earth’s shadow moves across the moon, covering it partially or completely.

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17
Q

Solar Eclipse

A

When the moon blocks the sun’s light, or a location on earth is passing under the moon’s shadow

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18
Q

Why don’t solar eclipses happen once a month

A

The moon’s orbit around earth is tilted 5 degrees relative to earth’s orbit of the sun. The geometry only lines up about twice a year

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19
Q

Penumbra

A

Moon’s outer shadow, where partial eclipses are seen

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20
Q

Umbra

A

Moon’s inner shadow, where total eclipses are seen

21
Q

Inclination

A

The tilt of a moon’s orbit compared to that of the planet around the sun. Earth’s moon’s is about 5 degrees, explaining the rarity of eclipses

22
Q

seven principles of design

A

Balance
Rhythm
Pattern
Emphasis
Contrast
Unity
Movement

23
Q

Scattering

A

Reflection or re-direction of light by small particles

24
Q

Ecliptic Plane

A

Plane in which the earth orbits the sun. Other planets orbit close to the ecliptic plane

25
Q

Precessions

A

The earth wobbling as it rotates

26
Q

Constellation

A

Region in the sky

27
Q

Asterism

A

A shape traced out in the sky by imagining connecting lines between stars

28
Q

Zodiac

A

Subset of constellations crossed by the ecliptic line of the sun

29
Q

Magnification

A

Takes view of a small area of sky and blows it up

30
Q

What happens when you magnify an object with a telescope

A

Your field of view gets smaller, but its clarity doesn’t change

31
Q

If you double the width of a telescope’s circular mirrors

A

Its light gathering power gets multiplied by a factor of four

32
Q

Refracting telescope

A

Uses lenses to focus light

33
Q

Reflecting telescope

A

Uses mirrors to focus light

34
Q

Chromatic aberration

A

Scattering of light’s components

35
Q

Strength of Gravity Formula

A

G= M/R^2
Where M is planet mass and R is its radius

36
Q

More mass means

A

More gravity

37
Q

Order of Moon Phases

A

New – Waxing Crescent – First Quarter – Waxing Gibbous – Full –
– Waning Gibbous – Third Quarter – Waning Crescent

38
Q

Movement of moon phase

A

Rises ~6 hours before its overhead and sets 6 hours later

39
Q

How do you tell what season a constellation is

A

They are the ones opposite the Sun in a given season

40
Q

Forms of light (high to low energy)

A

Gamma Ray, x-ray, UV, visible, infrared, microwave, radio

41
Q

Relationship between light and color

A

Energy corresponds to frequency and wavelength
Ex: high energy =high frequency = short wavelength= blue
Low=low=long=red

42
Q

Blackout spectrum

A

Higher temperature = more light in total, with a peak at a shorter wavelength

43
Q

Continuum spectrum

A

Light at all wavelengths

44
Q

absorption spectrum

A

Shows absorption lines (produced when electrons absorb photons) superimposed on a continuum spectrum

45
Q

Emission spectrum

A

Shows emission lines (produced when electrons jump from higher to lower energy levels, emitting photons of those specific energies

46
Q

Important telescope qualities

A

light gathering power, angular resolution, and power. Magnification doesn’t really matter

47
Q

How do telescopes gather light

A

In proportion to the area of their mirrors (proportional to diameter^2)

48
Q

Angular resolution

A

Ability to distinguish or separate two nearby light sources (with good angular resolution). Limited by Earth’s atmosphere

astro 7n (4 decks)

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