UNIT 1

Question 1

6th amendment

Answer 1

right to a speedy trial and the right to witnesses and counsel

Question 2

Griswold v. Connecticut

Answer 2

The Court ruled the right of privacy was a combination of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th amendments. This right was confirmed and extended in 1973 in the case of Roe v. Wade.

Question 3

14th amendment

Answer 3

Citizenship clause, due process clause, equal protection clause, and a response to the injustices faced by African Americans after the Civil War

Question 4

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 4

Laws enacted by the southern states and discriminated against African Americans.

Question 5

Dread Scott v. Sanford

Answer 5

ruled that enslaved people and all black people were not citizens of the United States. This denied citizenship for African Americans and enslaved people, reinforced slavery, and contributed to tensions leading to the Civil War.

Question 6

Title IX and university sports

Answer 6

Equal Opportunity in Sports, Prevention of Sexual Harassment and Assault, Gender Equality in Education, Educational Policies and Practices.

Question 7

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 7

outlawed job discrimination by all private and public employers that employ more than 15 people.

Question 8

Affirmative Action

Answer 8

has expanded the goals of groups championing minority rights.

Question 9

Political Ideologies (examples)

Answer 9

Liberalism, Conservativism, Socialism, communism, Fascism, Anarchism, Green Politics (environmentalism)

Question 10

Population V. Sample

Answer 10

The whole v. a subset of that whole

Question 11

Margin of error

Answer 11

statistical measure that quantifies the range within which the true population parameter is likely to lie based on data obtained from a sample.

Question 12

Government

Answer 12

The formal institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled.

Question 13

Politics

Answer 13

The conflicts and struggles over the leadership, structure, and policies of the government.

Question 14

Democracy

Answer 14

citizens play a significant role in government, usually by selecting leaders.

Question 15

Why did the British impose taxes?

Answer 15

War Debt

Question 16

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 16

Primary author of the Declaration of Independence

Question 17

3/5 Comprimise

Answer 17

5 enslaved people count as three free persons.

Question 18

Checks and balances

Answer 18

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Question 19

Supremacy clause

Answer 19

When state laws conflict with the Constitution or federal law, federal law takes precedence.

Question 20

Federalists

Answer 20

Supported the constitution and a stronger national government.

Question 21

Antifederalists

Answer 21

Supported a more decentralized government and fought for states’ rights and against ratification of the constitution.

Question 22

Federalism

Answer 22

system of government in which the power is divided and shared between a central authority and constituent units such as states or provinces

Question 23

Full faith and credit

Answer 23

ensures that legal decisions and records made in one state will be honored and given full legal effect in other states.

Question 24

dual federalism

Answer 24

states rather than the national government did most of the fundamental governing in the country

Question 25

dual federalism (era)

Answer 25

clear division of powers, limited federal government role, legal doctrine of states’ rights, and layered jurisdictions

Question 26

Bill of rights

Answer 26

First ten amendments to the Constitution that address civil liberties such as: freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition, the right to bear arms, protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, rights of the accused, civil liberties, powers reserved to the states or people.

Question 27

Free Exercise Clause

Answer 27

protects the right to believe and to practice whatever religion one chooses.

Question 28

McDonald V. Chicago

Answer 28

The court declared that the right to keep and bear arms was protected from state as well as federal action

Question 29

5th amendment

Answer 29

requires a grand jury for most crimes, protects against double jeopardy, and provides that you cannot be forced to testify against yourself.

Question 30

4th amendment

Answer 30

protects against unreasonable searches and seizures

Question 31

Miranda rights

Answer 31

covers coerced confessions and self-incrimination, and the right to counsel

Question 32

Plessy v. Furguson (1896)

Answer 32

established the “seperate but equal” rule

Question 33

Public Opinion

Answer 33

a term used to denote citizens’ attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events.

Question 34

Political Ideologies

Answer 34

refers to a complex set of beliefs and values that, as a whole, form a general philosophy about a government.

Question 35

Political Socialization

Answer 35

The processes that form political beliefs and values.

Question 36

Civil Rights

Answer 36

freedom from unequal treatment

Question 37

Civil Liberties

Answer 37

fundamental freedoms and rights that individuals possess inherently and are protected from government interference or infringement.