Unit 1 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is the science of properties, structure, and transformation of matter called?
Chemistry
What is matter?
Anything with mass and takes up space
Can matter be destroyed?
No
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed, it is transformed into something else.
Who first came up with the theory of Law of Conservation of Mass?
Lavoisier
What kind of change happens when substances are used up and other compounds are formed to take their place?
Chemical Change
What kind of change occurs when the identity of a matter remains the same but involves change in its state?
Physical Change
Explain a solid.
Having a definite shape and a definite volume. All particles are very close together.
Explain a liquid?
Have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Particles are not very close together.
Explain a gas.
Have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Particles are very far apart and move freely.
What are some characteristics of physical properties?
Colour, shape, size, texture, mass, volume, and density.
What are some types of changes in physical properties?
Melting, freezing, boiling/vaporization, condensation, ionization, relaxation.
What are some signs of a chemical change? Give some examples.
Odor, change in temperature, change in color, formation of bubbles, solids form. Examples: burning, rusting, rotting, tarnishing, etc.
What is a chemical reaction?
Atoms from 2 substances combine to form new substances.
What type of reaction is this:
2Na + Cl2 –> 2NaCl
Chemical
What is a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom, which cannot be broken down further called?
Element
What is a compound?
Definite and constant composition, same properties under a certain set of conditions.
What is a homogenous mixture? Give an example.
Uniform composition and properties throught a sample. It is difficult to see impurities in this mixture. Examples: air, gasoline, salt solutions, etc.
What is a heterogeneous mixture? Give an example.
Non-uniform composition and properties throught a sample. Different components are visibly distinguishable from one another. Example: Water and oil mixed.
What is exponential notation?
Very large or small numbers based on powers of 10.
Which in the exponent and which is the coefficient in: N × 10^n
N: Coefficient
n: Exponent
What is a measurement? Give some examples.
A method in determining a physical quantity. Such as length, time, and temperature.
Why do we need measurements?
So we can quantify time, distance, plan, schedule, risk assessment, quality and precision.
What is accuracy?
How close a measurement is to the true value.