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Inorganic Chemistry > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the science of properties, structure, and transformation of matter called?

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything with mass and takes up space

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3
Q

Can matter be destroyed?

A

No

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4
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A

In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed, it is transformed into something else.

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5
Q

Who first came up with the theory of Law of Conservation of Mass?

A

Lavoisier

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6
Q

What kind of change happens when substances are used up and other compounds are formed to take their place?

A

Chemical Change

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7
Q

What kind of change occurs when the identity of a matter remains the same but involves change in its state?

A

Physical Change

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8
Q

Explain a solid.

A

Having a definite shape and a definite volume. All particles are very close together.

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9
Q

Explain a liquid?

A

Have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Particles are not very close together.

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10
Q

Explain a gas.

A

Have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Particles are very far apart and move freely.

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11
Q

What are some characteristics of physical properties?

A

Colour, shape, size, texture, mass, volume, and density.

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12
Q

What are some types of changes in physical properties?

A

Melting, freezing, boiling/vaporization, condensation, ionization, relaxation.

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13
Q

What are some signs of a chemical change? Give some examples.

A

Odor, change in temperature, change in color, formation of bubbles, solids form. Examples: burning, rusting, rotting, tarnishing, etc.

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14
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

Atoms from 2 substances combine to form new substances.

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15
Q

What type of reaction is this:
2Na + Cl2 –> 2NaCl

A

Chemical

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16
Q

What is a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom, which cannot be broken down further called?

A

Element

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17
Q

What is a compound?

A

Definite and constant composition, same properties under a certain set of conditions.

18
Q

What is a homogenous mixture? Give an example.

A

Uniform composition and properties throught a sample. It is difficult to see impurities in this mixture. Examples: air, gasoline, salt solutions, etc.

19
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture? Give an example.

A

Non-uniform composition and properties throught a sample. Different components are visibly distinguishable from one another. Example: Water and oil mixed.

20
Q

What is exponential notation?

A

Very large or small numbers based on powers of 10.

21
Q

Which in the exponent and which is the coefficient in: N × 10^n

A

N: Coefficient
n: Exponent

22
Q

What is a measurement? Give some examples.

A

A method in determining a physical quantity. Such as length, time, and temperature.

23
Q

Why do we need measurements?

A

So we can quantify time, distance, plan, schedule, risk assessment, quality and precision.

24
Q

What is accuracy?

A

How close a measurement is to the true value.

25
Q

What is precision?

A

The variation seen when measuring the same part repeatedly with the same device.

26
Q

What is density?

A

Physical property, constant at a given temperature.

27
Q

Why does density change with temperature?

A

Mass does not change but volume does. Volume increases because molecules move further apart.

28
Q

Since mass is a constant does density increase or decrease as temperature rises?

A

Density decreases.

29
Q

What temperature is waters max density?

A

4 degrees Celsius

30
Q

Does the ratio of density of a substance to density of water have units?

A

No

31
Q

What device is used to measure specific gravity?

A

A hydrometer.

32
Q

Explain what a hydrometer does.

A

If specific gravity is higher than 1 substance will sink below water. If lower than 1 substance will float on top of water.

33
Q

What is energy and what are the 2 forms?

A

Energy is the capacity to do work.
Kinetic energy and potential energy.

34
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy motion possessed by any moving object. Light, heat, mechanical energies. It is proportional to mass and speed.

35
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Stored energy. The capacity to move or cause motion due to position. Chemical and nuclear energy.

36
Q

What is the difference between heat and temperature?

A

Temperature is the kinetic energy of matter: the faster the molecules move, the higher the temp. Heat is a form of energy: the flow of energy from higher to lower temp source.

37
Q

What are the 2 units of measurement for heat?

A

Metric based unit = calorie (cal)
SI based unit = Joule (J)

38
Q

What is a calorie?

A

Amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1g liquid water by 1⁰C

39
Q

What is a joule?

A

The amount of energy it takes to exert force of one Newton over a distance of one meter, or heat emitted by one-watt heater for one second.

40
Q

What is specific heat capacity (c)? And how is it measured?

A

It is a physical property. The heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of substance by 1⁰C. Measured in cal/g⁰C

41
Q

What is the equation for specific heat?

A

Q = mc^T
Q= heat energy (cal)
m= mass (g)
c= specific heat (cal/g⁰C)
^T= change in temperature (T final - T initial)

Inorganic Chemistry (3 decks)

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