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AFAM TAYLOR 23-24 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What notion does African American Studies disprove? How does it reframe this misconception?

A

The notion that Africa is a primitive continent with no history; early Africa was a diverse continent with complex societies

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2
Q

Where did population centers emerge in Africa? Why?

A

Sahel and savanna grasslands; because of major water routes, fertile land, and trade between North and South

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3
Q

What caused the Bantu expansion across the African continent?

A

population growth from technological and agricultural innovations

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4
Q

What current factors were influenced by the Bantu expansion?

A

linguistic diversity and genetic ancestry

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5
Q

What were some of the complex and large-scale societies that arose in ancient Africa?

A

Egypt, Nubia/Kush, Aksum, Nok

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6
Q

Which two early African societies emerged along the Nile river? Why did they have conflict with each other?

A

Egypt and Nubia/Kush; Nubia was the source of gold and luxury trade items

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7
Q

Which empire defeated which and established a dynasty of Black Pharaohs who ruled for a century?

A

Nubia defeated Egypt

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8
Q

What allowed Aksum to expand?

A

trade networks on the Red Sea

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9
Q

Nok was one of the earliest West African societies to use what?

A

iron

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10
Q

What artwork was Nok known for?

A

terracotta sculptures

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11
Q

What was the first African society to adopt Christianity? Under which ruler?

A

Aksum; King Ezana

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12
Q

What did African American writers use to counter racist stereotypes?

A

sacred and secular texts from ancient African societies

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13
Q

In chronological order, which empires made up the Sudanic empires?

A

Ghana, Mali, Songhai

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14
Q

What did Trans-Saharan trade spread across West Africa?

A

Islam

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15
Q

What led to Songhai’s decline?

A

the shift from trans-Saharan trade to Atlantic trade following Portuguese exploration along the West coast of Africa

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16
Q

Who established Mali as a center for trade, learning, and cultural exchange?

A

Mansa Musa

17
Q

What allowed Mali to expand its territory?

A

wealth and access to trans-Saharan trade routes

18
Q

What event attracted the interest of Europeans towards Mali?

A

Mansa Musa’s Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

19
Q

Which Mali city, known for its book trade and university, attracted scholars ?

A

Timbuktu

20
Q

What was the name given to prestigious historians, storytellers, and musicians in West Africa?

A

griots

21
Q

What is religious syncretism?

A

the blending of different religious and spiritual beliefs and practices

22
Q

What caused religious syncretism to take place in Africa?

A

leaders of African societies adopted Islam or Christianity, and their subjects often blended aspects of these religions with their own

23
Q

Before leading revolts, what did enslaved Africans often perform?

A

spiritual ceremonies of their syncretic faiths

24
Q

Who inhabited Great Zimbabwe?

A

the Shona people

25
Q

Why did Great Zimbabwe flourish?

A

trade along the Swahili coast

26
Q

What is Great Zimbabwe best known for?

A

large stone architecture

27
Q

Between the 11th and 15th century, what language and what religion were the Swahili Coast city-states united by?

A

Swahili/Kiswahili; Islam

28
Q

The Portuguese invaded Swahili Coast city-states to gain control of what?

A

Indian Ocean trade

29
Q

What religion did the Kingdom of Kongo voluntarily convert to? How did this benefit the Kingdom?

A

Roman Catholicism; strengthened trade relationship with Portugal

30
Q

In Kongo, before and during the slave trade, what were children commonly named after?

A

Catholic saints

31
Q

Who was the first iyoba, or queen mother, of the Kingdom of Benin?

A

Queen Idia

32
Q

What did Queen Idia rely on to win in battles?

A

spiritual power and medicinal knowledge

33
Q

Who became the queen of Ndongo, present-day Angola, when people from Ndongo were being sold as slaves?

A

Queen Njinga

34
Q

What did Queen Njinga use to win victories against the Portuguese and gain control of her kingdom?

A

guerilla warfare and expanding her military by recruiting runaway slaves

35
Q

Why did Europeans go to Africa before the slave trade?

A

because of the gold trade

36
Q

Why did Africans go to Europe before the slave trade?

A

African elites traveled to port cities for diplomatic, educational, and religious reasons

37
Q

What islands did the Portuguese colonize and use for slave labor?

A

Cabo Verde, Sao Tome

AFAM TAYLOR 23-24 (1 decks)

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