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SOC 200 unit 1 > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

theory of mind

A

recognition that other minds exist, followed by the realization that we can try to imagine others’ mental states

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2
Q

looking-glass self

A

self that emerges as a consequence of seeing ourselves as we think other people see us

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3
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

a phenomenon in which what people believe is true becomes true, even it if wasn’t originally true

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4
Q

self-narrative

A

a story we tell about the origin and likely future of ourselves

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5
Q

culture

A

used to describe differences in groups’ shared ideas as well as objects, practices, and bodies that reflect those ideas

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6
Q

socialization

A

lifelong learning process by which we become members of our cultures

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7
Q

culturally competent

A

able to understand and navigate our cultures with ease

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8
Q

social construct

A

an influential and shared interpretation of reality that will vary across time and space

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9
Q

social construction

A

process by which we layer objects with ideas, fold concepts into one another, and build connections between them

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10
Q

signifiers

A

things that stand for other things

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11
Q

categories

A

subsets of things that we believe are sufficiently similar

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12
Q

binaries

A

categories we see as opposites

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13
Q

associations

A

ideas that have nothing in common except that they are connected by a third idea

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14
Q

sequences

A

ideas arranged into a specific chronological order

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15
Q

hierarchies

A

ideas placed into ranked relationships

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16
Q

symbolic structure

A

constellation of social constructs connected and opposed to one another in overlapping networks of meaning

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17
Q

dual inheritance theory

A

humans are products of the interaction of genetic and cultural evolution

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18
Q

cultural beliefs

A

true and false

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19
Q

cultural values

A

right and wrong

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20
Q

cultural norms

A

shared expectations of behavior

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21
Q

resocialization

A

unlearning old beliefs, values and norms

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22
Q

interpersonal socialization

A

active efforts by others to help us become culturally competent

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23
Q

self-socialization

A

actives efforts we make to ensure we’re cultural competent members of our cultures

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24
Q

social ties

A

the connections between us and other people

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25
Q

social networks

A

webs of ties that link us to each other

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26
Q

social media

A

social networds mediated by the internet

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27
Q

homophily

A

our tendency to connect with others who are similar to us

28
Q

embodied

A

physically present and detectable in the body itself

29
Q

culturally conditioned

A

taught to respond physiologically to a socially constructed reality

30
Q

culture-as-value thesis

A

the idea that we’re socialized into culturally specific moralities that guide our feelings about right and wrong

31
Q

culture-as-rationale thesis

A

the idea that we’re socialized to know a set of culturally specific arguments with which we can justify why we feel something is right or wrong

32
Q

ethnocentrism

A

assuming one’s own culture is superior to other cultures

33
Q

cultural relativism

A

practice of noting the differences between cultures without passing judgement

34
Q

social identities

A

socially constructed categories and subcategories of people in which we place ourselves or are placed by others

35
Q

distinction

A

actives efforts to affirm identity categories and place ourselves and others into their subcategories

36
Q

positive distinction

A

the claim that members of our own group are superior to members of other groups

37
Q

in-group bias

A

preferential treatment of members of our own group and mistreatment of others

38
Q

minimal group paradigm

A

the tendency of people to form groups and actively distinguish themselves from others for the most trivial of reasons

39
Q

steps to socially construct an identity

A

invent, divide, stereotype, perform, rank

40
Q

social identity theory

A

people are inclined to form social groups, incorporate group membership into their identity, take steps to enforce group boundaries, and maximize positive distinction and in-group success

41
Q

doing identity

A

active performance of social identities

42
Q

conspicuous consumption

A

spending elaborately on items and services with the sole purpose of displaying wealth

43
Q

stigma

A

personal attitude that is widely devalued by members of one’s society

44
Q

controlling images

A

pervasive negative stereotypes that serve to justify or uphold inequality

45
Q

status beliefs

A

collectively shared ideas about which social groups are more or less deserving of esteem

46
Q

implicit attitudes

A

beliefs we have absorbed involuntarily and of which we’re mostly unaware

47
Q

social rules

A

culturally specific norms, policies, and laws that guide our behavior

48
Q

folkways

A

loosely enforced norms

49
Q

mores

A

tightly enforced norms that carry moral significance

50
Q

account

A

excuse that explains our rule breaking but also affirms that the rule is good and right

51
Q

symbolic interactionism

A

social interaction depends on the social construction of reality

52
Q

impression management

A

efforts to control how we’re perceived by others

53
Q

interpersonal discrimination

A

prejudicial behavior displayed by individuals

54
Q

breaching

A

breaking a social rule in order to test how others respond

55
Q

deviance

A

behaviors that violate social expectations and attract negative sanctions

56
Q

stigtimazation

A

process by which physical traits or social conditions become widely devalued

57
Q

criminalization

A

involves collectively defining a trait or condition as criminal

58
Q

medicalization

A

defining physical traits or social conditions as an illness

59
Q

strain theory

A

deviance is caused by a tension between widely valued goals and people’s ability to attain them

60
Q

social disorganization theory

A

deviance is more common in dysfunctional neighborhoods

61
Q

neutralization theory

A

deviance is facilitated by the development of culturally resonant rationales for rule breaking

62
Q

labeling

A

process of assigning a deviance identity to an individual

63
Q

collective conscience

A

society’s shared understanding of right and wrong

64
Q

anomie

A

widespread normlessness or weaking of or alienation from social rules

65
Q

conflict theory

A

idea that societies aren’t characterized by shared interests by competing ones

SOC 200 unit 1 (1 decks)

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