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SOC 200 unit 1 > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

theory of mind

A

recognition that other minds exist, followed by the realization that we can try to imagine others’ mental states

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2
Q

looking-glass self

A

self that emerges as a consequence of seeing ourselves as we think other people see us

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3
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

a phenomenon in which what people believe is true becomes true, even it if wasn’t originally true

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4
Q

self-narrative

A

a story we tell about the origin and likely future of ourselves

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5
Q

culture

A

used to describe differences in groups’ shared ideas as well as objects, practices, and bodies that reflect those ideas

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6
Q

socialization

A

lifelong learning process by which we become members of our cultures

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7
Q

culturally competent

A

able to understand and navigate our cultures with ease

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8
Q

social construct

A

an influential and shared interpretation of reality that will vary across time and space

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9
Q

social construction

A

process by which we layer objects with ideas, fold concepts into one another, and build connections between them

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10
Q

signifiers

A

things that stand for other things

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11
Q

categories

A

subsets of things that we believe are sufficiently similar

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12
Q

binaries

A

categories we see as opposites

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13
Q

associations

A

ideas that have nothing in common except that they are connected by a third idea

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14
Q

sequences

A

ideas arranged into a specific chronological order

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15
Q

hierarchies

A

ideas placed into ranked relationships

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16
Q

symbolic structure

A

constellation of social constructs connected and opposed to one another in overlapping networks of meaning

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17
Q

dual inheritance theory

A

humans are products of the interaction of genetic and cultural evolution

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18
Q

cultural beliefs

A

true and false

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19
Q

cultural values

A

right and wrong

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20
Q

cultural norms

A

shared expectations of behavior

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21
Q

resocialization

A

unlearning old beliefs, values and norms

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22
Q

interpersonal socialization

A

active efforts by others to help us become culturally competent

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23
Q

self-socialization

A

actives efforts we make to ensure we’re cultural competent members of our cultures

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24
Q

social ties

A

the connections between us and other people

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25
social networks
webs of ties that link us to each other
26
social media
social networds mediated by the internet
27
homophily
our tendency to connect with others who are similar to us
28
embodied
physically present and detectable in the body itself
29
culturally conditioned
taught to respond physiologically to a socially constructed reality
30
culture-as-value thesis
the idea that we're socialized into culturally specific moralities that guide our feelings about right and wrong
31
culture-as-rationale thesis
the idea that we're socialized to know a set of culturally specific arguments with which we can justify why we feel something is right or wrong
32
ethnocentrism
assuming one's own culture is superior to other cultures
33
cultural relativism
practice of noting the differences between cultures without passing judgement
34
social identities
socially constructed categories and subcategories of people in which we place ourselves or are placed by others
35
distinction
actives efforts to affirm identity categories and place ourselves and others into their subcategories
36
positive distinction
the claim that members of our own group are superior to members of other groups
37
in-group bias
preferential treatment of members of our own group and mistreatment of others
38
minimal group paradigm
the tendency of people to form groups and actively distinguish themselves from others for the most trivial of reasons
39
steps to socially construct an identity
invent, divide, stereotype, perform, rank
40
social identity theory
people are inclined to form social groups, incorporate group membership into their identity, take steps to enforce group boundaries, and maximize positive distinction and in-group success
41
doing identity
active performance of social identities
42
conspicuous consumption
spending elaborately on items and services with the sole purpose of displaying wealth
43
stigma
personal attitude that is widely devalued by members of one's society
44
controlling images
pervasive negative stereotypes that serve to justify or uphold inequality
45
status beliefs
collectively shared ideas about which social groups are more or less deserving of esteem
46
implicit attitudes
beliefs we have absorbed involuntarily and of which we're mostly unaware
47
social rules
culturally specific norms, policies, and laws that guide our behavior
48
folkways
loosely enforced norms
49
mores
tightly enforced norms that carry moral significance
50
account
excuse that explains our rule breaking but also affirms that the rule is good and right
51
symbolic interactionism
social interaction depends on the social construction of reality
52
impression management
efforts to control how we're perceived by others
53
interpersonal discrimination
prejudicial behavior displayed by individuals
54
breaching
breaking a social rule in order to test how others respond
55
deviance
behaviors that violate social expectations and attract negative sanctions
56
stigtimazation
process by which physical traits or social conditions become widely devalued
57
criminalization
involves collectively defining a trait or condition as criminal
58
medicalization
defining physical traits or social conditions as an illness
59
strain theory
deviance is caused by a tension between widely valued goals and people's ability to attain them
60
social disorganization theory
deviance is more common in dysfunctional neighborhoods
61
neutralization theory
deviance is facilitated by the development of culturally resonant rationales for rule breaking
62
labeling
process of assigning a deviance identity to an individual
63
collective conscience
society's shared understanding of right and wrong
64
anomie
widespread normlessness or weaking of or alienation from social rules
65
conflict theory
idea that societies aren't characterized by shared interests by competing ones

SOC 200 unit 1 (1 decks)

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