Unit 1 Flashcards
how is coal formed?
over millions of years from prehistoric trees
how is oil and gas formed?
over million s of years from prehistoric sea organisms
starch breaks down into…
glucose
lipids break down into…
fatty acids + glycerol
what does the nucleus contain?
chromosomes
what’s osmosis?
movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of HC -> LC
where does gas exchange occur?
alveoli
what is active transport?
movement of substances across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient (requires energy)
cellular respiration
- exothermic reaction
- breaking apart glucose to release and transfer the energy
- it is continuously occurring in living cells.
how do organisms use their energy?
- build large molecules from smaller ones (eg amino acids -> protein)
- muscular contraction
- maintain body temperature
what is diffusion?
movement of substances from an area of HC -> LC
What is digestion?
The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that the body can absorb.
What is the role of the heart in the circulatory system?
To pump blood around the body
What are the effects of exercise on the circulatory system?
- strengthens the heart
- improves circulation
What are the 6 main parts of the digestive system?
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum.
What is respiration?
The process by which cells release energy from food.
The iodine test checks the presence of…
Starch
The Benedict’s test checks the presence of…
Glucose
The Biuret test checks the presence of…
Protein
When testing for starch what is the colour change?
Brown to blue/black
When testing for glucose what is the colour change?
Blue to brick red
When testing for proteins what is the colour change?
Blue to violet
purpose of the large intestine?
absorb water
purpose of bile duct?
takes bile to the small intestine
what 2 things are required for respiration?
glucose + oxygen
high temperatures or extreme changes in pH result in what?
denatured enzymes
