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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

The Human Body: An Orientation.

1
Q

Anatomy is…

A

The study of structure and shape of the body and it’s parts

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2
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Large structures that are easily observable

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3
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye, structures can only be viewed with a microscope

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4
Q

Physiology is…

A

The study of how the body and its parts work or function

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5
Q

Relationship between anatomy and physiology

A

Structure determines what functions occur, if the structure changes the function must also change

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6
Q

Seven Levels of Structural Organization

A
  1. Atoms
  2. Molecules
  3. Cells
  4. Tissues
  5. Organs
  6. Organ Systems
  7. Organism
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7
Q

Homeostasis is…

A

The maintenance of a stable internal environment

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8
Q

Homeostasis is necessary for…

A

Normal body functioning and to sustain life, body temp, pH, ion levels, fluid volume and pressure, oxygen, concentration, heat, etc…

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9
Q

Homeostatic Imbalance

A

A disturbance in homeostasis results in disease

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10
Q

The body communicates through…

A

Neural and hormonal control systems

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11
Q

Receptor

A

Responds to changes in the environment (stimuli)

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12
Q

Receptor (info)

A

Sends information to the control center along an afferent pathway

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13
Q

Receptor Diagram

A

Receptor —> Control Center
(Afferent pathway)

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14
Q

Control Center

A

Determines set point, analyzes information, determines and appropriate response

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15
Q

Effector

A

Provides a means for response to the stimulus

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16
Q

Effector (info)

A

Information flows from control center to effector along efferent pathway

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17
Q

Effector Diagram

A

Control Center —> Effector (receptor) (Efferent pathway)

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18
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms, shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity, and works like a thermostat

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19
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther, reaction occurs at a faster rate, and positive feedback occurs in blood clotting and during childbirth

20
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Stand erect, feet parallel, arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward

21
Q

Supine

A

Body faces upwards

22
Q

Prone

A

Body faces downwards

23
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head or upper part of a structure of the body

24
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure or the body

25
Q

Anterior (Ventral)

A

Toward or at the front of the body

26
Q

Posterior

A

Toward or at the back of the body

27
Q

Medial

A

Toward or at the mid-line of the body

28
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the mid-line of the body.

29
Q

Proximal

A

(Extremities) Close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk

30
Q

Distal

A

(Extremities) Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

31
Q

Left and Right

A

As it pertains to the actual person

32
Q

Superficial

A

Toward or at the body surface (external)

33
Q

Deep

A

Away from the body, more internal (internal)

34
Q

Sagital (Medial)

A

Section divides the body (or organ) into right and left parts

35
Q

Frontal

A

Section divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts

36
Q

Transverse

A

Section divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts

37
Q

Dorsal (Posterior) Body Cavity

A

Cranial cavity (houses the brain, protected by the skull) and spinal cavity (houses the spinal cord, protected by the vertebrae)

38
Q

Ventral (Anterior) Body Cavity

A

(Two subdivisions separated by the diaphragm) Thoracic cavity and abdominal-pelvic cavity

39
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Cavity superior to the diaphragm

40
Q

Pleural

A

Houses lungs and other organs

41
Q

Mediastinum

A

Houses heart, trachea, and other organs

42
Q

Abdominal-pelvic Cavity

A

Cavity inferior to the diaphragm

43
Q

Abdominal (Superior)

A

Cavity contains the stomach, liver, and other organs

44
Q

Pelvic (Inferior)

A

Cavity contains reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum

45
Q

Abdominal Pelvic Subdivisions

A

Top to bottom: Right and left hypochondriac region, right and left lumbar region, and right and left illiac (inguinal) region
Middle top to bottom: epigastric region, umbillical region, hypogastric region

Human Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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