Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Microeconomics

A

Studies how individuals, households, and firms make decisions and how those decisions interact

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2
Q

Economics

A

Study of scarcity and choice

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3
Q

Individual Choice

A

decisions by individuals about what to do, which necessarily involve decisions about what not to do

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4
Q

Economy

A

system for coordinating a society’s productive and consumptive activities

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5
Q

Resource

A

anything that can be used to produce something else

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6
Q

Land

A

natural resources used to produce goods and services

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7
Q

Labor

A

the workers and their effort

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8
Q

Capital

A

manufactured goods to make other goods and services reusable products

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9
Q

Entrepreneurship

A

process of starting, organizing, managing and assuming the responsibility for a business

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10
Q

Scarcity

A

limited resources for unlimited wants and needs

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11
Q

Opportunity Cost

A

what you give up, amount of other products sacrificed to produce one product

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12
Q

Explicit Cost

A

Monetary expenses, costs that involve spending money

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13
Q

Implicit Cost

A

the cost of benefits that are given up, non-monetary opportunity costs

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14
Q

Economic aggregates

A

Economic measures that summarizes data across many different markets

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15
Q

economic model

A

simplified framework that is designed to illustrate complex processes

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16
Q

Ceteris Paribus

A

see other things as equal, all other things are help constant

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17
Q

Trade-off

A

sacrificing one thing for another, all the possible choices you didn’t make
- options where a choice can be made

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18
Q

tenants of capitalism

A

economic system in which private individuals or businesses own capital goods

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19
Q

Production Possibilities Curve (PPC)

A

shows the maximum quantity of one good that can be produced for each possible quantity of the other good produced

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20
Q

Efficiency

A

the productivity derived from the use of some resource

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21
Q

Inefficiency

A

production anywhere inside the curve (not using resources to maximum potential)

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22
Q

Economic good

A

a good or service that has a benefit to society

23
Q

Economic growth

A

an increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services compared from one period of time to another

24
Q

Allocate

A

How resources are allotted to the people who want them

25
Rightward shift
when economy grows and output increases, we produce more, causing shift to the right
26
Leftward shift
a decrease in the production capacity of an economy
27
Technology
the technical means for the production of goods/services
28
Trade
in market economy, the individuals provide goods and services to others and receive goods and services in return
29
Specialization
different people each engage in the different task they are good at
30
Comparative advantage
lower relative or comparative cost that that of another - who is more efficient based on opportunity cost
31
Absolute Advantage
2 parties involved, solve it by who produces more and more efficiently
32
Terms of Trade
indicate the rate at which one good can be exchanged for another
33
Independent Variable
variable that you can control and is not affected by any other variable
34
Dependent Variable
variable that depends on other factors
35
Curve on graph
increasing opportunity costs, curve shows efficient or inefficient
36
a country...
a country should specialize in and export the good for which it has a comparative advantage
37
Marginal
additional
38
Utility
satisfaction (utils, unit)
39
Marginal Benefit
additional benefit
40
Marginal cost
additional cost
41
Optimal choice
total net benefit, MB=MC
42
Diminishing Marginal utility
as I consume something more and more, I get less satisfaction each time I consume it
43
Utility Maximization
combination of 2 goods consumptions that weighs my costs and fives me the best choice - individuals and companies seek to achieve the highest level of satisfaction from their economic decisions.
44
formula for marginal analysis
Mux/Px = MuY/Py MU - Marginal Utility x and y - cost of each
45
how to find consumer surplus
total benefit - total cost
46
What is a market economy?
Individuals
47
How does a market economy work?
Individual competition
48
For who is a market economy?
supply/demand
49
What is a command economy?
Government
50
How does a command economy work?
by the government
51
for who is the command economy
government
52
What is a mixed economy?
Individual own, government own, and the government regulates
53
How does a mixed economy work?
Businesses decide, government regulates ex. FDA, EPA
54