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AP Government > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Government

A

the decision-making authority for a commnuity/nation-state

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2
Q

Power

A

the ability to do something in a particular way (control; authority)

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3
Q

Sovereignty

A

ability of nation-states to carry out actions/policies within a territory independent of internal/external powers

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4
Q

Quantitative

A

Data using statistics that is faster since it gathers large amounts of information, however is creates broad generalizations

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5
Q

Qualitative

A

Gathers to story and creates a larger narrative by using smaller sample sizes (find the deeper meaning; the “how” and “why’)

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6
Q

The Greek Tradition

A

studying institutions/governance in order to find the ideal

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7
Q

Soft Sciences

A

social sciences based on human emotions, opinions, and desires, and are subject to the physical word

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8
Q

Work of Comparativists

A
  1. reach conclusions on which gov systems work best
  2. use data to predict outcomes
  3. postulate predictions
  4. compare the effects of multiple gov systems
  5. analyze the impact of 1 gov system has as a whole
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9
Q

How do Comparatives Come to Conclusions??

A

Analysis of data (quantitative and qualitative) and all data points that provide insight

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10
Q

Methodology

A
  1. begin with a question
  2. realize your study will change
  3. Methodology of Inquiry (“breadcrumbs”)
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11
Q

Empirical Statement

A

an “is” statement that is factual, provable, and objective

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12
Q

Normative Statement

A

an “ought” statement that is value based, idealized, and subjective

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13
Q

Limitations of Comp Gov

A

history and the things comparatives study cannot be repeated and only happen once

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14
Q

Causation

A

the action of causing something that will lead to some effect

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15
Q

Correlation

A

An association between 2+ variables

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16
Q

Human Development Index (HDI)

A

a summary measure of average achievement in 3 key dimensions of human development

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17
Q

HDI Dimensions

A

Life Expectancy (long and healthy life), Being Knowledgeable , Decent Standard of Living

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18
Q

GDP

A

the value of all final goods and services produced in a country (broadest measure of economic activity and principal indicator of economic performance)

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19
Q

GDP per Capita

A

GDP / total population (divided by)

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20
Q

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

A

how much money would be needed to purchase the same good/service in 2 countries (calculates foreign exchange rate)

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21
Q

PPP Limitations

A

Doesn’t account for the value a country brings to international trade and commerce

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22
Q

GDP Growth Rate

A

the increase or imporvement in the inflation-adjusted market value of a good/service produces (caused by more efficient use of inputs (increased CELL))

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23
Q

GINI Index

A

an economic measurement to show income or wealth inequality

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24
Q

GINI Index Scale

A

0 (perfect equality) - 1 (perfect inequality)

25
Q

Freedom House

A

an organization/ watchdog that is dedicated to the expansion of freedom around the world and rates the freedom.

26
Q

Transparency Index

A

Corruption Perception Index where 0 is highly corrupt and 100 is very clean

27
Q

Fragile States Index

A

index showing the vulnerability/susceptibility of nation states where 0 is most stable and 10 is least stable

28
Q

Fragile States Index Scoring

A

Cohesion, Economic, Political, Social

29
Q

Weber and the State

A

“State is an organization that maintains a monopoly of violence over a territory”

30
Q

State

A

political organizations that combine a permanent population and gov. institutions to exercise control over a territory with international recognition

31
Q

The State MUST

A
  1. protect itself from internal/external challenges
  2. exert force to maintain power
  3. depends on sovereignty to make decisions
  4. feeds through institutions
  5. fosters institutions
32
Q

Challenge-Response Theory

A

civilizations faced with a crisis - their survival depends on their response

33
Q

Strong State

A

with extensive capacity to carry out policies (few limitations on enforcement)

34
Q

Weak State

A

little capacity and efficiency to carry out adopted policies

35
Q

Failed State

A

just don’t work, collapse, cant provide basics, never got off the ground

36
Q

State Downfall (“Raison d’etre”)

A

the state must reconcile between the individual liberties and the common good (freedom VS equality)

37
Q

Regime

A

embodiment of long-term goals that determine a system and laws of a specific territory in a particular time ( TIME + GOALS)

38
Q

Regime VS State

A

Regimes are more malleable since the institutions can be changed by internal/external forces unlike in States

39
Q

Democratic Regime

A

REGIME:
- expectation of the populace to be involved
- individual liberties valued
- balance of individual freedom and collective equality
- decentralized

40
Q

Authoritarian Regime

A

REGIME:
- limits public governance
- collective good over the individual freedom
- long term goals may vary
- centralized

41
Q

Nation

A

a socio-cultural entity that groups people with similar races, language, religion, political identity, etc.

42
Q

Nation-State

A

merger of politics and culture with a large, unified group with historical ties to a region, can refer to a system and people

43
Q

Legitimacy

A

trusted institutions that confers authority and power through consensus or force

44
Q

Traditional Legitimacy

A

societal custom and habit; unwritten; appeal to accepted norms; “It has been this way so…”

45
Q

Charismatic Legitimacy

A

persuasive, authoritarian, weak/failing state; cult of personality; “I alone can fix this, believe me”

46
Q

Rational-Legal Legitimacy

A

system with institutional procedure and a document (constitution); rule of law; “Here’s how we do this and why?”

47
Q

Unitary

A
  • almost all governing power rests in a central gov.
  • faster response and chain of command BUT no”local flavor”
  • China, UK, Iran
48
Q

Federal

A
  • governing power is shared between the national and state governments
  • “local flavor” and representation BUT not the same connectedness
49
Q

Presidential

A

separation of powers; elected by popular vote; veto legislation but cannot write it; fixed term; difficult to remove from office

50
Q

Parliamentary

A

part of legislative branch;elected by popular vote THEN by legislators; Prime Minister and their cabinet write legislature; no veto or fixed terms; can lose office 3 ways

51
Q

Clevages

A

a division or split

52
Q

Reinforcing Cleavage

A

1+ cleavage overlaps with another; tension heightened; consensus unlikely

53
Q

Cross-Cutting Cleavage

A

divisions that cut across differences; divided groups are united by a common interest; overlap groups not usually grouped together

54
Q

Aristotle’s Model

A
  1. level of participatory power and expectation
  2. ethical considerations of governance or regimes
55
Q

One Ruler

A

Monarch, Tyranny self interest

56
Q

Few Rulers

A

Aristocrat, Oligarchy

57
Q

Many Rulers

A

Democracy, Ochlocracy (the rule the mob)

58
Q

Machine

A

The State is the machinery, the regime is the programming, and the government is the operator

AP Government (1 decks)

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