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Curriculum 1 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

theory

A

systematic state of principles & beliefs created to explain a phenomenon or widely accepted facts

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2
Q

behaviorism

A

most functional of modern ideologies that describes development & learning

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3
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

predict & control behavior caused by environment, but could be changed

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4
Q

learning

A

permanent change in behavior cause by experience

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5
Q

conditioning

A

creating situations that cause learning

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6
Q

classical condition

A

neutral stimulus & stimulus that does cause learning, but an involuntary response (clean up song)

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7
Q

operant conditioning

A

voluntary behavior is conditioned with reinforcements

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8
Q

reienforcements

A

consequences that increase the probability

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9
Q

positive reinforcements

A

praise or treats

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10
Q

negative reinforcements

A

removing stimulus

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11
Q

punishments

A

consequence that reduces probability of a behavior (not always physical)

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12
Q

modeling

A

learning/teaching by example (observational)

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13
Q

cognitive development

A

mental process that focuses on how intelligence, thinking abilities, language occur at certain ages

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14
Q

Jean Piaget

A

how children create their own mental images through environment during stages

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15
Q

assimilation

A

when child handles or experiences something

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16
Q

accommodation

A

modifying an existing piece of information

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17
Q

schema (schemata)

A

integrated way of thinking or forming mental images

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18
Q

equilibrium

A

balance between assimilation and accommodation (cognitive schemata and info from enviroment)

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19
Q

sensorimotor

A

birth-2, infants learn through sensory system & reflexes, repetition

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20
Q

object permanence

A

understanding an object doesn’t disappear the moment you can no longer see it

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21
Q

preoperational

A

2-7, egocentric, symbolic thinking, rapid language development

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22
Q

symbolic thinking

A

formation of symbol or mental representations, allow problem solving before acting

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23
Q

egocentric

A

think about the world in relation to themselves

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24
Q

concrete operations

A

7-12, develop concepts of #s, relationships, processes, thinking problems through mentally, logical thoughts require physical objects/events

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25
formal operations
12-adulthood, reasons logically, concrete manipulation to abstract thinking, hypothesize
26
humanistic
what motivates people to be well, successful, & mentally healthy
27
Abraham Maslow
humanistic, hierarchy of needs
28
self-actualization
fulfilling ones potential
29
Hierarchy of Needs
1. physical needs 2. safety 3. social needs 4. esteem (self/others) 5. self-actualization
30
Howard Gardner
multiple intelligence, IQ is not genetic, but learned & improved
31
multiple intelligence
none are better, all 9 =
32
verbal-linguistic
sensitive to order/rhythm of words
33
logical-mathematical
similar characteristic or objects, categorize & use #s, patterns, sequencing, & cause/effect to solve problems
34
musical-rhythmic
awareness of noises/rhythms
35
visual-spatial
visual images w/ shape, color, form; think in images & pictures
36
bodily-kinesthetic
use the body for self-expression through information from the muscles, sensations, reflexes, coordination, & movement
37
interpersonal
bonding w/ parents, people, & understand people's actions, moods, & feelings
38
intrapersonal
ability to understand themselves grows to identity, feelings, moods, strengths, weakness, self-reflection
39
naturalist
seeing, smelling, touching, reacting to sounds, & playing with things of nature
40
existential
sensitive & conceptualize deeper questions about life
41
psychosocial theory
the interaction between social-emotional condition & the interpersonal environment
42
Erik Erikson
psychosocial, growth & development is continuous throughout life
43
basic trust vs mistrust
stage one of psychosocial, birth-1, people can be depended on so they can learn to depend on themselves too
44
autonomy vs shame/doubt
stage two of psychosocial, 2, basic sense of self-control & independence
45
initiative vs guilt
stage three of psychosocial, 3-5, express their natural curiosity & engages in fantasy & dramatic play
46
industry vs inferiority
stage four of psychosocial, 6-11, child is ready for challenges, needs change to accomplish development, watch older children & improvise
47
identity vs role diffusion
stage five of psychosocial, 12-18
48
intimacy vs isolation
stage six of psychosocial, young adulthood
49
generative vs stagnation
stage seven of psychosocial, adult middle years
50
ego integrity vs despair
stage eight of psychosocial, older years
51
sociocultural
child's development is affected by culture & family enviroment
52
Lev Vygotsky
child as a whole, culture & values into child development, language is the bridge between world & mental functioning, activity centered
53
zone of proximal development
the level of competence between what a learner can do alone & what they can do with help
54
zone
range of potential child has for learning shaped by social enviorment
55
scaffolding
adjustable support teacher gives in response to child's level of performance
56
Developmentally Appropriate Practice
DAP, context for learning environments, teaching strategies, & family engagement where development is matched to the tasks they need to learn
57
play
self-motivated behavior that is enjoyable, natural, and provides chance to learn about the world (core of DAP)
58
unoccupied behavior
infants/toddlers, occupy themselves by watching anything of momentary interest
59
onlooker play
young children introduced to new situations that focus on an activity rather than environment, within speaking difference, but alert
60
solitary play
a child w/o regard to what others are doing
61
parallel play
toddlers-3, being near another child but playing w/ object & not child, same toy but playing in different ways
62
associative play
3-4, playing w/ group, but drops in & out of play w/ minimal organization of activity, same toy but different way of playing
63
cooperative play
4+, organized for some purpose; requires group participation & reflects on a child's growing capacity to accept/respond to other's ideas & actions
64
Erikson on play
cooperative relationships & mutual trust, practice adult roles
65
Piaget on play
practice play, symbolic play, games w/ rules
66
Vygotsky on play
social play offers children a way to interpret their world

Curriculum 1 (1 decks)

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