Unit 1 Flashcards
Sternocleidomastoid Action
Ipsilateral side bending of head with rotation to opposite side, bilateral neck flexion, posterior fibers assist with bilateral extension at O-A joint
Sternocleidomastoid Origin
Mastoid process of temporal bone; lateral half of superior nuchal line
Sternocleidomastoid insertion
Sternal head: Anterior surface
Manubrium of sternum
Clavicular head: Superior surface of medial 1/3 clavicle
Sternocleidomastoid innervation
CN XI (motor), ventral rami C2,C3 (sensory)
Levator Scapulae action
Elevates scapula; downward rotation of scapula
Levator scapulae origin
Posterior tubercle of transverse processes, CV1-CV4
Levator scapulae insertion
Superior aspect of medial border of scapula
Levator scapulae innervation
Dorsal Scapular nerve C4,C5; C3-C4 ventral rami
Upper trapezius action
Upwardly rotate with lower trapezius, elevate working alone & retract scapula
Upper trapezius origin
Medial 1/3 superior nuchal line; Occipital protuberance to CV7, ligamentum nuchae
Upper trapezius insertion
Lateral 1/3 clavicle
Upper trapezius innervation
CN XI (motor); Ventral rami C3-4 (sensory)
Middle trapezius action
Retract scapula
Middle trapezius origin
CV7 to TV4 spinous process
Middle trapezius insertion
Acromion & crest of spine of scapula
Middle trapezius innervation
CN XI (motor); Ventral rami C3-4 (sensory)
Lower trapezius action
Upwardly rotate with upper trapezius, depress working alone; retract scapula
Lower trapezius origin
TV4 to TV12 spinous process
Lower trapezius insertion
Spine of scapula
Lower trapezius innervation
CN XI (motor); Ventral rami C3-4 (sensory)
Serratus anterior action
Protract scapula & holds it against thoracic wall; upward rotation of scapula
Serratus anterior origin
External lateral surface of ribs 1-8
Serratus anterior insertion
Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Serratus anterior innervation
Long thoracic nerve C5, C6, C7
Pectoralis major action
Adduction and Internal Rotation humerus
Clavicular head alone: flexes humerus
SC head alone: extends humerus from overhead position; horizontal adduction at glenohumeral joint
Pectoralis major clavicular head origin
Anterior surface of medial 1/2 of clavicle
Pectoralis major sternocostal head origin
Anterior surface of sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages, & aponeurosis of external oblique muscles
Pectoralis major insertion
Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
Pectoralis major innervation
Lateral and Medial Pectoral nerve
Clavicular: C5-C6
SC: C7, C8-T1
Pectoralis minor action
Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
Pectoralis minor origin
3rd to 5th ribs near costal cartilages
Pectoralis minor insertion
Medial border & superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
Pectoralis minor innervation
Medial (C8, T1)
Lateral pectoral nerve (variable)
Anterior deltoid action
Abduction, flexion, internal rotation of humerus
Anterior deltoid origin
Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, anterior surface
Anterior deltoid insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Anterior deltoid innervation
Axillary nerve, C5, C6
Middle deltoid action
Abduction humerus
Middle deltoid origin
Lateral aspect of acromion
Middle deltoid insertion
Deltoid tuberosity
Middle deltoid innervation
Axillary nerve, C5, C6
Posterior deltoid action
Extension, External Rotation, Abduction of humerus
Posterior deltoid origin
Inferior lip of crest of spine of scapula
Posterior deltoid insertion
Deltoid tuberosity
Posterior deltoid innervation
Axillary nerve, C5, C6
Supraspinatus action
Initiates & assists deltoid in abduction of humerus; holds head in glenoid cavity (rotator cuff)
Supraspinatus origin
Supraspinous fossa (medial 2/3) of scapula
Supraspinatus insertion
Superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus
Supraspinatus innervation
Suprascapular nerve C4, C5, C6
Infraspinatus action
External rotation humerus; hold humeral head in glenoid (rotator cuff)
Infraspinatus origin
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Infraspinatus insertion
Middle facet greater tubercle of humerus
Infraspinatus innervation
Suprascapular nerve, C5, C6
Teres minor action
External rotation humerus; hold humeral head in gelnoid (rotator cuff)
Teres minor origin
Middle part of lateral border of scapula
Teres minor insertion
Inferior facet on greater tubercle of humerus
Teres minor innervation
Axillary nerve C5, C6
Subscapularis action
Internal rotation & adduction of humerus; hold head of humerus in place (rotator cuff)
Subscapularis origin
Subscapular fossa
Subscapularis insertion
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Subscapularis innervation
Upper & Lower subscapular nerve C5, C6, C7
Teres major action
Extension, adduction, Internal Rotation humerus
Teres major origin
Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula
Teres major insertion
Medial lip of inter tubercular sulcus/groove
Teres major innervation
Lower subscapular nerve, C5, C6
Rhomboids major action
Retract scapula; elevate scapula; downward rotation scapula; fix scapula against thoracic wall
Rhomboids major origin
Spinous processes TV2-TV5
Rhomboids major insertion
Medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
Rhomboids major innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve, C4-C5
Rhomboids minor action
Retract scapula; elevate scapula; downward rotation scapula; fix scapula against thoracic wall
Rhomboids minor origin
Nuchal ligament & spinous processes of CV7 & TV1
Rhomboids minor insertion
Medial border of scapula at the level of the spine
Rhomboids minor innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve, C4, C5
Latissimus dorsi action
Extension, adduction, internal rotation humerus
Latissimus dorsi origin
Thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes TV6-TV12, inferior 3 or 4 ribs, iliac crest
Latissimus dorsi insertion
Floor of inter tubercular groove of humerus
Latissimus dorsi innervation
Thoracodorsal nerve, C6, C7, C8
Coracobrachialis action
Flexion with adduction of humerus
Coracobrachialis origin
Tip or apex of coracoid process of scapula
Coracobrachialis insertion
Middle 1/3, medial humerus
Coracobrachialis innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve, C5, C6, C7
Biceps brachii action
Long-weak shoulder flexion; weak abduction of humerus, external rotation
Both heads: elbow flexion with forearm supination
Biceps brachii short head origin
Coracoid process of scapula
Biceps brachii long head origin
Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Biceps brachii insertion
Radial tuberosity & fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
Biceps brachii innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve, C5, C6, C7
Brachialis action
Elbow flexion regardless of position
Brachialis origin
Distal half humerus, anterior surface
Brachialis insertion
Ulnar tuberosity & anterior aspect coronoid process of ulna
Brachialis innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve C5, C6
Brachioradialis action
Elbow flexion (midpronation most effective)
Brachioradialis origin
Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Brachioradialis insertion
Lateral surface of distal ned of radius
Brachioradialis innervation
Radial nerve, C5, C6, C7
Triceps action
All heads: elbow extension
Long head: resists dislocation of humerus
Triceps long head origin
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Triceps lateral head origin
Posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
Triceps medial head origin
Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
Triceps insertion
Proximal end of olecranon process of the ulna & fascia of the forearm
Triceps innervation
Radial nerve, C6, C7, C8
Anconeus action
Assists in elbow extension
Anconeus origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Anconeus insertion
Olecranon process of ulna
Anconeus innervation
Radial nerve, C7, C8, T1
Pronator teres action
Pronates forearm; flexes elbow
Pronator teres origin
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Ulnar head: coronoid process of the ulna
Pronator teres insertion
Middle of lateral surface of radius
Pronator teres innervation
Median nerve, C6, C7
Pronator quadratus action
Pronates forearm
Pronator quadratus origin
Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
Pronator quadratus insertion
Distal 1/4 anterior surface of radius
Pronator quadratus innervation
Anterior interosseous nerve (from median nerve), C8-T1
Supinator action
Supinates forearm
Supinator origin
Lateral epicondyle humerus, radial collateral & annular ligaments, supinator fossa & crest of ulna
Supinator insertion
Proximal radius, anterior, lateral, posterior surfaces
Supinator innervation
Deep branch radial nerve, C7, C8
Extensor carpi radialis longus action
Extension & abduction hand at wrist joint
Extensor carpi radialis longus origin
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Extensor carpi radialis longus insertion
Dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal bone
Extensor carpi radialis longus innervation
Radial nerve, C6, C7
Extensor carpi radial brevis action
Extension & abduction hand at wrist joint
Extensor carpi radial brevis origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor carpi radial brevis insertion
Dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal
Extensor carpi radial brevis innervation
Deep branch of radial nerve, C7, C8
Extensor digitorum action
Extension of medial 4 digits at MCP joint: assist with IP extension; extend hand at wrist joint
Extensor digitorum origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus common extensor tendon
Extensor digitorum insertion
Base of middle phalanges of fingers of medial 4 digits via extensor expansion
Extensor digitorum innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve, C7-C8 (continuation of the deep branch of radial nerve)
Extensor Digiti Minimi action
Extend 5th digit at MCP & IP joints
Extensor Digiti Minimi origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor Digiti Minimi insertion
Extensor expansion of 5th digit
Extensor Digiti Minimi innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve, C7-C8 (continuation of the deep branch of radial nerve)
Extensor carpi ulnaris action
Extension & adduct hand at wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris origin
Lateral epicondyle humerus & posterior border of ulna
Extensor carpi ulnaris insertion
Base of 5th metacarpal
Extensor carpi ulnaris innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve, C7-C8 (continuation of the deep branch of radial nerve)
Abductor Pollicis Longus action
Abduct thumb & extends it at CMC joint
Abductor Pollicis Longus origin
Posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
Abductor Pollicis Longus insertion
Base of 1st metacarpal
Abductor Pollicis Longus innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve, C7-C8 (continuation of the deep branch of radial nerve)
Extensor Pollicis Brevis action
Extend proximal phalanx of thumb at MCP; extend at CMC
Extensor Pollicis Brevis origin
Posterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane
Extensor Pollicis Brevis insertion
Dorsal aspect base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Extensor Pollicis Brevis innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve C7-C8 (continuation of the deep branch of radial nerve)
Extensor Pollicis Longus action
Extend distal phalanx of thumb at IP; extend MCP & CMC joints
Extensor Pollicis Longus origin
Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna & interosseous membrane
Extensor Pollicis Longus insertion
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Extensor Pollicis Longus innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve C7-C8 (continuation of the deep branch of radial nerve)
Extensor indicis action
Extend 2nd digit; assists with wrist extension
Extensor indicis origin
Posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna & interosseous membrane
Extensor indicis insertion
Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
Extensor indicis innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve C7-C8 (continuation of the deep branch of radial nerve)
Flexor carpi radialis action
Flexes and abducts hand at the wrist
Flexor carpi radialis origin
Medial epicondyle of the humerus from the common flexor origin
Flexor carpi radialis insertion
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Flexor carpi radialis innervation
Median nerve, C6-C7
Flexor carpi ulnaris action
Flexes & adducts hand at the wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris origin
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: olecranon & posterior border of ulna
Flexor carpi ulnaris insertion
Pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal
Flexor carpi ulnaris innervation
Ulnar nerve, C7-C8
Palmaris Longus action
Assist wrist flexion; tense palmar aponeurosis
Palmaris Longus origin
Medial epicondyle from the common flexor region
Palmaris Longus insertion
Distal 1/2 of the flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Palmaris Longus Innervation
Median Nerve, C7-C8
Flexor digitorum superficialis action
Flexes PIP joints of medial four digits; flexes MCP joints; assists wrist flexion
Flexor digitorum superficialis origin
Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: superior 1/2 of anterior border of radius
Flexor digitorum profundus insertion
Bases of distal phalanges of medial 4 digits
Flexor digitorum superficialis insertion
Bodies of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation
Median nerve, C7-T1
Flexor digitorum profundus action
DIP flexion of medial four digits; flexes PIP & MCP; assist wrist flexion
Flexor digitorum profundus origin
Proximal 3/4 of medial & anterior surface of ulna & interosseous membrane
Flexor digitorum profundus innervation
Anterior interosseous nerve (from median nerve), C8-T1 to lateral 2 FDP
Ulnar nerve, C8-T1 to medial 2 FDP
Flexor Pollicis Longus action
Flexes IP, MCP, CMC of thumb
Flexor Pollicis Longus origin
Anterior surface of radius & adjacent interosseous membrane
Flexor Pollicis Longus insertion
Base of distal phalanx thumb
Flexor Pollicis Longus innervation
Anterior interosseous nerve (from median nerve) C8-T1
Abductor Pollicis Brevis action
Abduct thumb; assist thumb opposition
Abductor Pollicis Brevis origin
Flexor retinaculum & tubercles of scaphoid & trapezium
Abductor Pollicis Brevis insertion
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb & extensor expansion
Abductor Pollicis Brevis innervation
Recurrent branch median nerve (C8, T1)
Flexor Pollicis Brevis action (2 heads)
Flex thumb
Flexor Pollicis Brevis origin
Flexor retinaculum & tubercles of scaphoid & trapezium
Flexor Pollicis Brevis insertion
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Flexor Pollicis Brevis innervation
Superficial head: Recurrent branch of Median nerve (C8, T1)
Deep head: Deep branch of Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Opponens Pollicis action
Oppose thumb
Opponens Pollicis origin
Flexor retinaculum & tubercles of scaphoid & trapezium
Opponens Pollicis insertion
LAteral aspect 1st MC
Opponens Pollicis innervation
Recurrent branch Median nerve (C8, T1)
Adductor Pollicis (2 heads) action
Adducts thumb
Adductor Pollicis (2 heads) origin
Oblique: base of 2nd & 3rd MC, capitate, and adjacent carpals
Transverse: anterior surface of shaft of 3rd MC
Adductor Pollicis insertion
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Adductor Pollicis innervation
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Adductor Pollicis Innervation
Deep branch Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Abductor digiti minimi action
Abduct 5th digit; assist flexion of 5th proximal phalanx
Abductor digiti minimi origin
Pisiform
Abductor digiti minimi insertion
Medial side base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Abductor digiti minimi innervation
Deep branch Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Flexor digiti minimi (brevis) action
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Flexor digiti minimi (brevis) origin
Hook of the hamate & flexor retinaculum
Flexor digiti minimi (brevis) insertion
Medial side base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Flexor digiti minimi (brevis) innervation
Deep branch Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Opponens Digiti (minimi) action
Draws 5th MC anteriorly to oppose the thumb
Opponens Digiti (minimi) origin
Hook of the hamate & flexor retinaculum
Opponens Digiti (minimi) insertion
Medial border of 5th MC
Opponens Digiti (minimi) innervation
Deep branch Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Lumbricals 1&2 action
Flex MC joints and extend IP joints
Lumbricals 1&2 origin
Lateral 2 tendons of FDP
Lumbricals 1&2 insertion
Lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits 2-5
Lumbricals 1&2 innervation
Median nerve (C8,T1)
Lumbricals 3&4 action
Flex MC joints and extend IP joints
Lumbricals 3&4 origin
Bipennate from medial 3 tendons of FDP
Lumbricals 3&4 insertion
Lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits 2-5
Lumbricals 3&4 innervation
Deep branch of Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Palmar interossei action
Adduct 2nd, 4th, and 5th digit toward midline; assist with MCP flexion and IP extension
Palmar interossei origin
Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, and 5th MC
Palmar interossei insertion
Base of proximal phalanges & extend expansion of 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits
Palmar interossei innervation
Deep branch of Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Dorsal interossei action
Abduct digits 2-4 away from midline; assist with MCP flexion and IP extension
Dorsal interossei origin
Bipennate adjacent sides of metacarpals
Dorsal interossei insertion
Base of proximal phalanges & extend expansions of 2nd, 3rd (bilaterally), & 4th digits
Dorsal interossei innervation
Deep branch of Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)