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Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

environment

A

all living and non-living things around us (abiotic & biotic factors)

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2
Q

environmental science

A

study of how natural world affects us, and we affect it

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3
Q

natural resources

A

substances and energy sources we take from Earth to survive

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4
Q

renewable

A

replaced quickly, such as wind or sunlight

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5
Q

non-renewable

A

replaced slowly, so it can be depleted (e.g. fossil fuels)

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6
Q

ecosystem services

A
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7
Q

agricultural revolution

A
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8
Q

industrial revolution

A
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9
Q

ecological footprint

A
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10
Q

overshoot

A
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11
Q

science

A
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12
Q

variables

A
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13
Q

independent variables

A
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14
Q

dependent variables

A
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15
Q

hypothesis format

A
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16
Q

prediction format

A
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17
Q

data

A
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18
Q

data analysis

A
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19
Q

descriptive statistical tests

A
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20
Q

manipulative experiment

A
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21
Q

natural experiment

A
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22
Q

paradigm

A
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23
Q

paradigm shift

A
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24
Q

organism

A

individual living thing

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25
Q

population

A

a group of individuals of species that live in a particular area

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26
Q

community

A

a set of populations of different species living together in a particular area

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27
Q

ecosystem

A

a functional system consisting of a community

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28
Q

landscape

A

a geographical region including an array of ecosystems

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29
Q

biosphere

A

the sum total of living things on the Earth & the areas they inhibit

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30
Q

biome

A

major regional complex of similar communities. mainly determined by temperature & precipatation

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31
Q

number of biomes

A

10 terrestrial biomes exist

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32
Q

Terrestrial Biomes

A

Diff in temp & Percipitation predict type

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33
Q

Tropical

A

23.5 north and 23.5 south latitudes

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34
Q

Temperate

A

Between 23.5 and 60 north and south latitudes (THINK MODERATE)

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35
Q

Arctic & SubArctic

A

Above 60 north latitude

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36
Q

Where are there no Biomes and why?

A

Antartica has no biomes, too cold for rain —> no plants

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37
Q

Terrestrial Biomes and elevation

A

Elevation also affects climate
Each 1000’ increase lowers temp by 4 degrees
Mountains can enable cool-loving biomes to exist at hotter latitudes

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38
Q

Rain Shadow

A

Dry climate created downwind of a mountain b/c most moisture condenses on it upwind side (no precipatation on downwind side of mountain)

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39
Q

Climate diagram

A

graph depicting seasonal changes in temp and precipitation

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40
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forest

A

Less dense & diverse than rainforest - not as much rain means they have less diversity

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41
Q

deciduous

A

loses leaves

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42
Q

temperate grassland

A

looks like praire
less precipitation, considerably colder
we artificially water these and turn them into agriculture land

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43
Q

temperate rainforest

A

considerably more rain
lot of mass & density
bit hotter temps in summer

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44
Q

Tropical rainforest

A

insane amt of rain, only slight differences across
not as fertiles bc the rain washes nutrients
not much temp variation

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45
Q

Pelagic zone

A

Layer b/w water surface and lake & ocean floor
includes photic zone

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46
Q

Tropical Dry Forest

A

temp is consistent but precipitation changes seasonally
very bare with distinct wet/dry seasons & w/ or w/o leaves
Australia

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47
Q

savanna

A

Africa, S Africa, India
grasslands, clusters of trees
clear wet/dry seasons
consistent temp

48
Q

Desert

A

Egypt
no rain
temps varies seasonally
trees can not grow

49
Q

Tundra

A

low levels of precipitation
temps vary seasonally
trees can not grow

50
Q

Boreal Forest

A

moderate precipitation, allowing trees to grow
temps vary seasonally

51
Q

Chaparral

A

Moderate precipitation when cooler, low precipitation when hotter

52
Q

Marine Ecosystems 3 zone

A

Photic
Pelagic
Benthic

53
Q

Photic zone

A

well lit top layer
mostly algae because of sunlight

54
Q

Benthic zone

A

Lake/ocean floor

55
Q

are photic, pelagic and benthic zones biomes?

A

no, b/c no change it climate & precipitation

56
Q

Intertidal zones

A

ecosystems where ocean meets land - high and low tides

57
Q

tides

A

periodic rising and falling of ocean due to gravitational poll of sun and moon
usually 6 hours apart from high and low tides

58
Q

are tide pools are biomes

A

no there are differences in species but not climate/precipitation

59
Q

Estuaries (coastal ecosystems)

A

area where a river flows into an ocean mixing fresh and salt water

60
Q

Coastal Ecosystems (3 zones)

A

Inertidal, Estaries, Salt Marshes

61
Q

Open Ocean Ecosystems

A

Zooplankton
phytoplankton

62
Q

Zooplankton

A

animal

63
Q

Phytoplankton

A

plant

64
Q

Phytoplankton are most abundant in what level?

A

top level photic layer meaining other species as well
well lit waters that are nutrient rich due to upwelling

65
Q

Upwelling

A

all of the nutrients go up to the photic layer instead of bottom of ocean (down dwelling)
attract more species to top layer

66
Q

Downwelling

A

All nutrients go to the bottom of the ocean

67
Q

Aquatic Biomes (3 in ocean)

A

raingrove forest
kelp forest
coral reef

68
Q

Raingrove forest

A

salt tolerant trees that can live in changing water levels
unique roots curve up for oxygen and down for support

69
Q

Kelp forest

A

Large dense brown algae growing from floor of continental shelves
along temperate coasts

70
Q

Coral reef

A

mass of calcium carbonate from skeletons of dead corals
attach to rock or reef and capture food with stinging tentacles
also get nourishment from symbiotic algae

71
Q

corals

A

Tiny colonial invertebrate animals

72
Q

coral reefs outside of tropics

A

few coral species thrive in waters outside of the tropics
little is known about them
some reefs are now being protected

73
Q

BioChemical Cycles are

A

Nutrient cycles that move water and nutrients through ecosystems

74
Q

Reservoir

A

pool that holds nutrients

75
Q

Resiance time?

A

length of time that nutrients remain in reservoir

76
Q

source

A

releases more materials than it accepts

77
Q

sink

A

accepts more materials than it releases

78
Q

flux

A

rate at which materials move between reservoirs

79
Q

Hydrologic cycle involves

A

water cycle
movement of water b/w sources & sinks

80
Q

evaporation

A

conversion of water from liquid to gas

81
Q

transpiration

A

release of water vapor from plant leaves

82
Q

precipitation

A

condensed water vapor that fall from the atmosphere

83
Q

ground water

A

water stored underground (usually in aquafors)

84
Q

water table

A

upper limit of an aquafor

85
Q

human affect the water cycle by

A

dam rivers-reservoirs
remove vegetation- no transpiration
withdraw groundwater
pollute atmosphere- acid rain

86
Q

Carbon Cycle involves

A

movement of carbon between sources and sinks

87
Q

Where is carbon stored?

A

in sedimentary rocks and oceans

88
Q

Plants pull this out of the air and use it to produce sugars:

A

Carbon dioxide

89
Q

When some sugars build new plant growth it is called

A

Gross Primary Production (GPP)

90
Q

When plants and animals and some decomposers burn other sugars for energy, they

A

release carbon dioxide

91
Q

how do humans shift carbon to the atmosphere?

A

burning fossil fuels & decreasing surface vegetation

92
Q

Nitrogen cycle involves

A

movement of nitrogen between sources and sinks

93
Q

what fraction of the earth is nitrogen?

A

3/4 - most of the earth is nitrogen

94
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

converts atmospheric Nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3)
fixes the Nitrogen - something plant can use

95
Q

Nitrification

A

converts water soluble ions of Ammonia (NH4 +) into nitrates (NO3)& nitrites (NO2) that plants can absorb

96
Q

Denitrification

A

converts nitrates (NO3) in soil or water back to N2

97
Q

Humans affect Nitrogen Cycle by/through

A

Nitrogen fertiliaers
destroying wetlands
increased soil erosion

98
Q

Phosphorus cycle

A

phmovement of phosphorus b/w sources and sinks
stored in rocks and sediments mostly
small particles can release phosphate ions (PO4) when dissolved in water

99
Q

is phosphorus in the atmosphere?

A

no

100
Q

Phosphorus limits

A

plant growth the most in undisturbed ecosystems

101
Q

where is phosphorus released?

A

from works by weathering

102
Q

small particles can release phosphorus ions (PO4) where?

A

in water

103
Q

aquatic organisms take up phosphate ions directly from

A

surrounding water

104
Q

Increased precipitation leads to

A

Increased diversity

105
Q

all molecules in living things contain:

A

carbon

106
Q
A
107
Q
A
108
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A
109
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A
110
Q
A
111
Q
A
112
Q
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113
Q
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114
Q
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115
Q
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116
Q
A

apes (2 decks)

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