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Bio 180 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Proton (charge, mass[Dal], location)

A

+1, 1, center of nucleus

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2
Q

Neutron (charge, mass[Dal], location)

A

Neutral, 1, center of nucleus

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3
Q

Electron (charge, mass[Dal], location)

A

-1, 1/2000, cloud

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4
Q

Electron function

A

Determines charge
Critical for bonding other atoms

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5
Q

Ion?

A

Charged particles

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6
Q

Anion?

A

Negatively charged particle

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7
Q

Cation?

A

Positively charged particle

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8
Q

Isotopes?

A

Atoms with same element but different mass number and neutron number

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9
Q

Neutron function

A

Determines mass

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10
Q

Proton function

A

Determines mass and atomic number

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11
Q

Mole?

A

How many protons it takes to make 1 gram of mass

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12
Q

Radioactive isotopes

A

Have unstable nuclei

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13
Q

Radioactive decay

A

Emission of particles on energy from an unstable atomic nucleus

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14
Q

Alpha particles?
Mass
Velocity
A & Z

A

Helium atom
High mass
(A= -4) (Z= -2)
Low velocity

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15
Q

Beta particles?
Mass
Velocity
A & Z

A

Electron
Low mass
High velocity
(A= 0) (Z= 1)

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16
Q

Gamma particles?
Mass
Velocity
A & Z

A

Photon/Wave
No mass
Very high velocity
(A=0) (Z=0)

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17
Q

Radioactive properties?
Half-life properties?

A
  1. Highly toxic
  2. Constant/regular decay called half-life
  3. Easily detected
  4. React chemically
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18
Q

Shielding?

A

Putting a barrier between you and the source of reaction

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19
Q

Alpha shielding?

A

Clothes

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20
Q

Beta shielding?

A

Plexiglas

21
Q

Gamma shielding

A

Lead

22
Q

What is the name of the pattern half-life creates?

A

Logarithmic decay

23
Q

Half-life formulae

A

N (Amount of radioactivity after Time)
No (Original radioactivity)
T= Time
T1/2= Half-life
N=Noe^-(0.693T/<T1/2>)

24
Q

Excited _____ moves to _____ state and _____ energy

A

Electrons
Ground
Release

25
Q

What is wave-particle duality?
Examples.

A

Having both particles and wave.
Eg. Light and electrons

26
Q

Octet and duplet rule

A

Atoms behave in a way to complete an octet of 8 electrons in the valence shell of Bohr’s model

27
Q

Electromagnetic waves?

A

Energy composed of properties of waves of electrical & magnetic fields

28
Q

As wavelength ____, _____ decreases

A

Wavelength, energy

29
Q

Properties of radioactive elements

A

Treat skin disease
For experiments
Make lasers

30
Q

Applications of radioactivity

A

Surgery
Research
Dentistries

31
Q

Radioactive dating

A

Half-life

32
Q

What is Lewis dot structure

A

Dots according to the number of valence electrons

33
Q

Two ways Nobel gases can achieve an octet

A

Losing electrons
Gaining electrons

34
Q

Electromotive forces?

A

Keeps two atoms together

35
Q

Geometries and properties of double bonds

A

Can’t be rotated
Linear shape

36
Q

Geometries and properties of single bonds

A

Can be rotated
Tetrahedral shape

37
Q

What is electronegativity

A

Atoms pulling elements to itself

38
Q

Electronegative trend

A

Down the group, decreases
Across a period, increases

39
Q

Partial charge?

A

Element not fully positive nor negative

40
Q

When partial charges occurs?

A

Polar covalent binding

41
Q

When partial charge occurs?

A

One electron more electronegative and pulls electrons closer to itself

42
Q

Polar covalent bonds?

A

Unequal sharing of electrons

43
Q

Non-polar covalent bonds?

A

Equal sharing of electrons

44
Q

Electronegative for non-polar bonds is up to ___, for polar is ___, and for ionic is ___

A

0.4, 1.7, 3.4

45
Q

Le Chatlier’s Principle

A

When a reaction changes due to concentration, temperature, and pressure, the reaction would shift to obtain equilibrium

46
Q

Equilibrium constant formula

A

K= [Product]/[Reactant]

47
Q

If equilibrium constant =1, then it’s at?

A

Equilibrium position

48
Q

What keeps atoms together in a salt

A

Electromotive force

Bio 180 (2 decks)

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