Unit 1 Flashcards
Proton (charge, mass[Dal], location)
+1, 1, center of nucleus
Neutron (charge, mass[Dal], location)
Neutral, 1, center of nucleus
Electron (charge, mass[Dal], location)
-1, 1/2000, cloud
Electron function
Determines charge
Critical for bonding other atoms
Ion?
Charged particles
Anion?
Negatively charged particle
Cation?
Positively charged particle
Isotopes?
Atoms with same element but different mass number and neutron number
Neutron function
Determines mass
Proton function
Determines mass and atomic number
Mole?
How many protons it takes to make 1 gram of mass
Radioactive isotopes
Have unstable nuclei
Radioactive decay
Emission of particles on energy from an unstable atomic nucleus
Alpha particles?
Mass
Velocity
A & Z
Helium atom
High mass
(A= -4) (Z= -2)
Low velocity
Beta particles?
Mass
Velocity
A & Z
Electron
Low mass
High velocity
(A= 0) (Z= 1)
Gamma particles?
Mass
Velocity
A & Z
Photon/Wave
No mass
Very high velocity
(A=0) (Z=0)
Radioactive properties?
Half-life properties?
- Highly toxic
- Constant/regular decay called half-life
- Easily detected
- React chemically
Shielding?
Putting a barrier between you and the source of reaction
Alpha shielding?
Clothes
Beta shielding?
Plexiglas
Gamma shielding
Lead
What is the name of the pattern half-life creates?
Logarithmic decay
Half-life formulae
N (Amount of radioactivity after Time)
No (Original radioactivity)
T= Time
T1/2= Half-life
N=Noe^-(0.693T/<T1/2>)
Excited _____ moves to _____ state and _____ energy
Electrons
Ground
Release
What is wave-particle duality?
Examples.
Having both particles and wave.
Eg. Light and electrons
Octet and duplet rule
Atoms behave in a way to complete an octet of 8 electrons in the valence shell of Bohr’s model
Electromagnetic waves?
Energy composed of properties of waves of electrical & magnetic fields
As wavelength ____, _____ decreases
Wavelength, energy
Properties of radioactive elements
Treat skin disease
For experiments
Make lasers
Applications of radioactivity
Surgery
Research
Dentistries
Radioactive dating
Half-life
What is Lewis dot structure
Dots according to the number of valence electrons
Two ways Nobel gases can achieve an octet
Losing electrons
Gaining electrons
Electromotive forces?
Keeps two atoms together
Geometries and properties of double bonds
Can’t be rotated
Linear shape
Geometries and properties of single bonds
Can be rotated
Tetrahedral shape
What is electronegativity
Atoms pulling elements to itself
Electronegative trend
Down the group, decreases
Across a period, increases
Partial charge?
Element not fully positive nor negative
When partial charges occurs?
Polar covalent binding
When partial charge occurs?
One electron more electronegative and pulls electrons closer to itself
Polar covalent bonds?
Unequal sharing of electrons
Non-polar covalent bonds?
Equal sharing of electrons
Electronegative for non-polar bonds is up to ___, for polar is ___, and for ionic is ___
0.4, 1.7, 3.4
Le Chatlier’s Principle
When a reaction changes due to concentration, temperature, and pressure, the reaction would shift to obtain equilibrium
Equilibrium constant formula
K= [Product]/[Reactant]
If equilibrium constant =1, then it’s at?
Equilibrium position
What keeps atoms together in a salt
Electromotive force
