Unit 1 Flashcards
Preamble is a part of the Constitution
Kesavananda Bharati v State of Kerala
Harmonious Construction
Minerva Mills
Judicial Review (case and article)
Marbury v Madison, 13 (2)
Basic structure doctrine mentioned for the first time
Sajjan Singh v State of Rajasthan
Doctrine of severability
Princicples were laid down in
RMDC v Union of India
Whether or not something is a basic structure will be determined when put to question to the court
Minerva mills and Indra Gandhi v Raj Narain
Rule of Law is a basic structure and cannot be amended
Kesavananda Bharati v State of Kerala
FR and DPSP to be considered harmoniously and cannot override each other
IR Coelho v State of Tamil Nadu
It is difficult to restrict the sovereign legislative power by judicial interference except so far as the express provision of a written constitution (judicial review)
AK Gopalan v State of Madras
FR comes above DPSP
state of Madras v Champakam
Harmonious Construction introduced in?
Quarashi Mohd. v State of Bihar
(also Kerala Education bill)
The Right to live human dignity, free from exploitation enshrined under Article 21 derives its life and breath from the Directive Principles of State Policy and particularly clauses (e) and (f) of Article 39 and Article 41 and 42
Bandhu Mukti Morcha case
Right to education is an FR well within in the meaning of article 21
Unnikrishnan v state of Andhra Pradesh
Determine what is part of the state and not
RD Shetty v international airport authority
Articles 19 and 21 were not mutually exclusive and had to be read in consonance, a link between 14, 19 and 21 was established
Maneka Gandhi v Union of India
Right to Sleep
Ramlila Maidan Incident
Right to Privacy
Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India
Sabarimala Judgment
Indian Young Lawyers Association & Ors. v. The State of Kerala & Ors.
DNA, fingerprint and handwriting can be accepted and is not violative of article 20(3)
MP Chandra v Satish Chandra
Brain fingerprinting analysis, polygraph test, etc. and other scientific methods are not accepted and is violative of article 20(3)
Selvi v State of Karnataka
Caste cannot be the sole determining factor for reservations
MR Balaji v State of Mysore
Introduction of reservation
state of Madras v Champakam
OBC reservation is constitutional
Ashok Kumar Thakur v Union of India
Freedom of Religion which articles
25-28
Secularism is a basic feature and cannot be one away with
SR Bommai v Union of India
Aruna Roy v Union of India case facts
Validity of new education policy 2002 was challenged
provided value based education on the basis of all religions
held that study of religions in school education is not against secular philosophy of the constitution
What are the two freedoms given by art 25 (1)
freedom of conscience and freedom to profess, propagate and practice any religion
triple talaq case
Shayara Banno v Union Of India
Right to Print and Publish actual facts, history and contemporary views about any topic etc
Sakal Paper Ltd vs Union of India
Third Person Views: The views and opinions printed in the newspaper can be that of the author, editor or any third person not directly involved with the newspaper but given his views opinions under the direction of the author or editor
Express Newspaper vs Union of India
Enclosed within the rights of the press are the legal rights to distribute and circulate newspapers or related material for consumption
Pandit M. S. M. Sharma v. Shri Sri Krishna Sinha and Others
freedom of press extended to include all such information that need to be made available to the public for prompt decision making, and not include only political and public information.
Thornhill vs Alabama
The Press has the right to collect such information pertaining to public affairs or to sources of such information
New York Times vs US
Freedom of press has three essential elements. They are?
Freedom of access to all sources of information
Freedom of publication
Freedom of circulation.
The validity of the Newsprint Control Order, which fixed the maximum number of pages, was struck down by the Court holding it to be violative of provision of Article 19(1)(a)
Bennett Coleman and Co. v/s Union of India
Security of the State is a reasonable restriction under Article 19 (2) of the Constitution. However, the words used in the impugned section of the Act are ‘public safety and public order’. The Court considered that the 2 terms have to be read together.
Romesh Thappar vs The State Of Madras
he Court established that pre-censorship of press violates the liberty given to them and also violates the freedom of speech and expression.
Brij Bhusan & Anr. v. The State of Delhi
Right to know is derived from the concept of freedom of speech.
State of U.P. v. Raj Narain
Freedom of speech and expression includes the right to impart and receive information which includes freedom to hold opinions
Union of India v Association for Democratic Reforms
Mandal Commission was set up under which article
340
eleven ‘Indicators’ or ‘criteria’ for determining social and educational backwardness were grouped under three broad heads, they were?
Social, Educational and Economic.
who decided to implement the recommendations of the Mandal Commission
VP Singh
what % of the vacancies in civil posts and services under the Government of India shall be reserved for SEBC
27%
when was constitution adopted
26th November, 1949
power to amend article
368
when was constitution enacted
26th January, 1950
‘Secular’ added to the constitution by which amendment
42nd, 1977
Intention to commit offence, is it an offence or not?
No, it is not
Which amendment temporarily did away with Judicial Review?
42nd amendment
Protection of milch cattle which dpsp
article 48
Prohibition of milch cattle slaughter in Gujrat
State of Gujrat v Mirzapur Moti
no connection between 19 and 21
AK Gopalan v State of Madras
Constitutional Validity of 77th, 81st and 85th Amendment Act
M Nagraj v UOI
“creamy layer” principle mentioned in which case
M Nagraj v UOI
The Supreme Court clarified that the creamy layer doctrine has no relevance in SC/ST reservation.
Ashok Kumar Thakur v. Union of India, 2008
In order to invoke “ejusdem generis”, there must be a distinct genus
through bodies named
Rajasthan Electricity Board case
All authorities created by Constitution or statute on whom powers are conferred by law.
Rajasthan Electricity Board
National Anthem Case
Bijoe Emmanual v state of Kerala
petitioner challenged the validity of the Bombay Prevention of Bigamous Hindu Marriages Act, 1946, which states that bigamous marriages void and criminalize bigamy among Hindus
State of Bombay v. Narasu Appa Mali
which article states that personal laws cannot be defined as laws under Article 13
Article 112
‘Expressio Unius Exclusio Alterius’ meaning and case laws
The expression of one thing is the exclusion of the other
State of Bombay v. Narasu Appa Mali
Whether it is for the Legislature to decide what constitutes social reform?
Yes, because in a democracy, the legislature is constituted by the will of the people and responsible for the state’s welfare and lays down the policy to achieve its inherent objective. Hence, the legislation, in its wisdom, decides social reform, not the court of law.
case law on artistic freedom
Ramesh v Union of India
Mosque is not equal to Islam, Babri masjid case
Ismail Faruqi v Union of India
which amendment added Article 21A to the Constitution of India, requiring each state to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of six and fourteen.
86th amendment
Which amendment Act brought in a 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of society other than Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes for admission to central government and private educational institutions and recruitment in central government jobs.
103rd
which amendment added a provision in article 15 that the state is empowered to make any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the scheduled castes or scheduled tribes
(Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act, 2006 enacted)
93rd
which amendment guaranteed Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes reservations for promotion in government offices
77th
which amendment restored various powers of the supreme courts and high courts. The act allowed the Judicial review of the presidents, governors, and Lok Sabha speaker’s elections
44th
which article imposes an obligation on the State to provide free legal aid to ensure access to justice for all citizens
39A
which article seeks to ensure humane work conditions and provide for maternity relief
42
Uniform civil code article
44
which article states that no government organ interferes or intervenes with the functions and core powers of the other organs
50
Fundamental duties
Article 51 (A)
SC held that doctrine of waiver does not apple to part 3 of the constitution
Behram v State of Bombay
no estoppel against the constitution and no citizen could barter away FRs
Olga Tellis v Bombay Municipal Corporation
Legal rights may be waived away
Jaswantsingh v Ahmedabad Municipal Corp.