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Semantics > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. According to psychologist Frank Keil, at what point do children begin to realize that certain objects have an inner essence?
    a. From birth
    b. After a certain age
    c. During adolescence
    d. It varies from child to child
A

After a certain age

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2
Q
  1. How do children identify objects before they reach a certain age?
    a. Based on superficial features
    b. Based on inner essence
    c. Based on their size
    d. Based on their color
A

Based on superficial features

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3
Q

3.What distinction do children make between natural objects and artifacts?
a. Natural objects have hidden essences, while artifacts do not.
b. Natural objects are made by humans, while artifacts are not.
c. Natural objects have defining properties, while artifacts do not.
d. Natural objects are conventional, while artifacts are not.

A

Natural objects have defining properties, while artifacts do not.

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4
Q
  1. How is human language viewed according to the cultural artifact perspective?
    a. It is an aspect of culture, similar to other human institutions.
    b. It is a product of human imagination and development.
    c. It is created, taught, and learned by humans.
    d. All of the above.
A

All of the above.

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5
Q
  1. According to Noam Chomsky, how should human language be viewed?
    a. As a natural object, similar to a limb or organ.
    b. As a cultural artifact created by humans.
    c. As a conventional system of communication.
    d. As a product of human imagination.
A

As a natural object, similar to a limb or organ.

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6
Q

6.

A

Language is as essential as limbs or organs.

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7
Q
  1. What is formal semantics?
    a. The study of language based on logical principles.
    b. The study of language based on superficial features.
    c. The study of language based on cultural conventions.
    d. The study of language based on syntactic structures.
A

The study of language based on logical principles.

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8
Q
  1. How is meaning conveyed effectively in language?
    a. Through logical categorization of words and phrases.
    b. Through syntactic analysis and completion of words.
    c. Through phonetic transcription of words.
    d. Through semantic definitions in the lexicon.
A

Through semantic definitions in the lexicon.

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9
Q
  1. According to the T-model, which component of language is independent of articulation and meaning?
    a. Syntax
    b. Phonology
    c. Semantics
    d. Lexicon
A

Syntax

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10
Q
  1. What is the relationship between syntax and semantics?
    a. Syntax determines the linearization of semantic expressions.
    b. Syntax determines the logical meaning of linguistic expressions.
    c. Syntax is independent of both meaning and phonology.
    d. Syntax is the output of phonological and semantic interactions.
A

Syntax determines the linearization of semantic expressions.

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11
Q

11.

A

Through the linearization of expressions based on syntactic configurations.

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12
Q
  1. What is the role of c-command in syntax?
    a. It determines the linear order of constituents in a sentence.
    b. It controls the semantic interpretation of expressions.
    c. It constrains phonological realization of syntactic structures.
    d. It governs the syntactic composition of elements.
A

It governs the syntactic composition of elements.

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13
Q
  1. What evidence suggests the existence of different syntactic structures?
    a. Indirect evidence provided by syntactically-sensitive expressions.
    b. Direct evidence from the pronunciation of linguistic units.
    c. Experimental evidence from cognitive neuroscience studies.
    d. No evidence has been found to support different syntactic structures.
A

Indirect evidence provided by syntactically-sensitive expressions.

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14
Q
  1. What is the main goal of the minimalist program in syntax?
    a. To identify and describe the universal principles of language.
    b. To investigate the historical development of syntactic structures.
    c. To analyze the relationship between syntax and semantics.
    d. To study the influence of culture on language structure.
A

To identify and describe the universal principles of language.

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15
Q
  1. What is the central premise of the minimalist program?
    a. Language is primarily a product of cultural conventions.
    b. Syntax should be analyzed independently of semantics.
    c. Syntactic structures are shaped by natural selection.
    d. The grammatical complexity of language is minimized.
A

The grammatical complexity of language is minimized.

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16
Q
  1. According to the minimalist program, what is the nature of syntactic operations?
    a. They are governed by universal principles.
    b. They are influenced by cultural factors.
    c. They vary significantly across languages.
    d. They are determined by phonetic constraints.
A

They are governed by universal principles.

17
Q
  1. What is the role of Merge in the minimalist program?
    a. It combines linguistic elements to create larger structures.
    b. It determines the linear order of words in a sentence.
    c. It assigns phonetic features to syntactic constituents.
    d. It regulates the relationship between syntax and semantics.
A

It combines linguistic elements to create larger structures.

18
Q
  1. What is meant by the term “Merge over Move”?
    a. It emphasizes the primacy of syntax over other linguistic components.
    b. It refers to the linearization of syntactic structures in language.
    c. It highlights the importance of cultural conventions in language.
    d. It suggests that movement operations are more significant than merge.
A

It emphasizes the primacy of syntax over other linguistic components.

19
Q
  1. What is the primary focus of cognitive neuroscience studies on language?
    a. To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying language processing.
    b. To explore the impact of cultural factors on language development.
    c. To analyze the historical evolution of language structures.
    d. To study the relationship between syntax and semantics.
A

To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying language processing.

20
Q
  1. How does the study of language inform our understanding of the human mind?
    a. It provides insights into the cognitive processes involved in language use.
    b. It offers a cultural perspective on the development of human societies.
    c. It reveals the role of genetics in shaping linguistic abilities.
    d. It highlights the variability of language across different cultures.
A

It provides insights into the cognitive processes involved in language use.

Semantics (1 decks)

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