Unit 1 Flashcards
Gold was one reason Europeans came to America, new job opportunities and more money opportunities. Glory was the second reason Europeans came to America. After traveling to America, they were hoping to conquer the land for themselves. Lastly, Europeans came to America hoping to spread the word of God and seek religious freedom.
The 3 G’s
A group of investors who pool their money together in the hopes of making more money. They often funded settlers into the New World in an attempt to ease the overcrowding in Europe.
Joint Stock Companies
A joint stock company that funded a group of settlers to go into the New World to establish a permanent colony in Virginia (Jamestown).
Virginia Company
Granted permission to settle Jamestown and thus started English rule over much of North America.
First Virginia Charter
Initially unsuccessful because many settlers refused to work. John Smith became the leader. Smith led raids on local native tribes for food. This angered Powhatan, the local chief.
Jamestown
The river that Jamestown was founded on. This river supplied food, water, and shelter for the people living in Jamestown and served as a vital part to their everyday lives.
James River
Came to Jamestown and became the leader coining the phrase “He who works not, eats not.” Much of our knowledge of the settlement of Jamestown comes from his book “A Historie of Virginia.”
John Smith
Due to an injury, John Smith had to return to England. Without leadership and the natives’ help, Jamestown ran out of food for the winter of 1610. By the end of the winter only 60 colonists were left alive.
Starving Time
The chief of the Powhatan federation that occupied the lands surrounding Jamestown at the time of its settlement. He was the father of Pocahontas.
Powhatan
The daughter of Powhatan who allied with John Smith to promote peace between the Powhatan tribe and the English. She later married John Rolfe, an English settler who took control after John Smith got sick.
Pocahontas
Led Jamestown after John Smith’s departure. Rolfe introduced tobacco to Jamestown which led to its profitability. Married Pocahontas.
John Rolfe
Brought to the colony by John Rolfe, was important because it was the ticket to the colony’s survival after the “starving time.” Made Jamestown profitable.
Tobacco
The economic policy of European countries through which nations attempt to gain wealth through trade with other countries and exporting more than they import. Europeans held that colonies in the New World existed to make the home country wealthy and powerful as a source of raw materials and markets for manufactured goods. This caused European countries to compete for land in the New World.
Mercantillism
During the early years of Jamestown, the colony developed this representative government that marked the start of a representative government in the New World.
House of Burgesses
In 1620, the pilgrims left England to escape religious persecution and settled in the New World to form this colony in Massachusetts
Plymouth Colony
The first governor in the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts. This guy wrote Of Plymouth Plantation, and it is regarded as the most authoritative account of the Pilgrims and the early years of the colony which they founded.
William Bradford
About the time Jamestown was founded, a group of people wanted to separate from the Church of England. These people were later called pilgrims.
Separatists
In 1620, about 100 pilgrims sailed for the New World in this ship.
Mayflower
Before coming ashore, 41 males signed this agreement which was the first form of government in the New World and promised “just and equal” laws.
Mayflower Compact
The first winter for the Plymouth Colony was very difficult. Native Americans began aiding the colonists by giving them food. This specific Native American showed the colonists how to farm and fish, thus helping the colony survive.
Squanto
Puritans began having disagreements with the Church of England. In 1630, 900 Puritans left England led by this guy and settled in New England and formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
John Winthrop
The goal of this colony led by John Winthrop was to form a theocracy. Some individuals disagreed with the strict religious codes of the Puritans and were exiled or left to form other New England colonies.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Allowed the Puritans to begin settling in New England. This changed the landscape of the English colonies.
Charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
There was no separation between the church and the government.
Theocracy
These people were composed of several rich business owners and merchants in England. This religious group held very strict religious beliefs and did not practice religious tolerance for others. They left England to “purify” the church.
Puritans
The Puritans came to the New World in order to freely worship, however, they did not tolerate other religions. In 1692, hysteria about witches swept through Salem, Massachusetts. The events that followed caused many people began to form new colonies.
Salem Witch Trials
Were an assembly of townspeople that decides local issues.
Town Meeting
Was expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because she didn’t follow the Puritan’s religious rules. She left and formed a colony in Rhode Island.
Anne Hutchinson
Disagreed with the treatment of Native Americans, so he founded the colony of Providence, Rhode Island.
Roger Williams
Disagreed with the teachings of the Puritans and formed the colony of Connecticut.
Thomas Hooker
A document written to govern the colony of Connecticut. It set up the government structure and powers of various officials.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
New York began as the Dutch colony. It began a huge economic success and attracted diverse colonists from all over the world. The English took over the colony peacefully in 1664 and renamed it New York.
New Netherlands
The leader of New Amsterdam who surrendered the colony peacefully to the English.
Peter Stuyvesant
New Netherlands practiced this in which the landholder had special privileges and rights to large areas of land.
Patroon System
A haven for Quakers and the tolerance that drew many different groups to the colony. Women were not overlooked in education or in the community and Native Americans were meant to be treated fairly
Colony of Pennsylvania
Led a group of Quakers to the New World and founded the colony of Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers and a colony that practiced religious tolerance.
William Penn
A religious group that believed in equality, tolerance, and peaceful co-existence for everyone, including women and Native Americans. Women were considered to have spiritual equality with men.
Quakers
The capital city of Pennsylvania and attracted people from all over the world. “The city of brotherly love”
Philadelphia
Founded as a haven for English debtor colonies because English prisons were overflowing with debtors.
Georgia
The founder of the Georgia colony.
James Oglethorpe
Georgia was considered this type of colony, meaning it stood as a barrier between the British colonies and Spain’s colony: Florida.
Buffer Colony
A document that allied many colonies in New England in a defensive stance against the Native Americans.
New England Articles of Confederation
These people signed a contract to work from 4 to 10 years in exchange for a passage to the New World. At the end of their contract, they earned their freedom and rights of other citizens.
Indentured Servants
In the 1660s, wealthy Virginia farmers bought most of the good farmland near the coast. Many indentured servants moved inland to find farmland. However, the settlers that moved inland began fighting with the Indians. The British Governor William Berkeley refused to aid the settlers and a group of settlers in revolt against Jamestown and burned it to the ground
Bacon’s Rebellion
The journey that all slaves had to make to reach the colonies from Africa to the New World during the Atlantic Slave Trade. Over 20% died or committed suicide on this journey. A portion of Triangle Trade.
Middle Passage
Active rebellion and fighting back
Overt Resistance
The act of breaking tools, working slowly, pretending to not understand requests.
Passive Resistance
France claimed land in the Ohio River Valley. This was established primarily as a series of trading posts to help enrich the French fur trade and NOT as a permanent settlement.
New France Colony
People who were persecuted by Catholics and many of them emigrated from France.
Huguenots
Florida was the primary settlement, Catholic religious system; forced to obey Spanish king laws and were not allowed to make any of their own.
Spanish Settlements
