Unit 1

Question 1

What does each direction on the Medicine Wheel Represent?

Answer 1

North/White: Elder, winter, night, sweetgrass, spirit, bear
East/Yellow: Baby, spring, morning, tobacco, mind, eagle
South/Red: Adolescent, summer, noon, cedar, body, deer
West/Black: Adult, fall, evening, sage, emotion, buffalo

Question 2

What are the Seven Sacred Teachings?

Answer 2

• Honesty - Raven (to speak and act in a truthful way)
• Humility - Wolf (know yourself as an equal, not better)
• Bravery - Bear (to do the right thing, even when hard)
• Wisdom - Beaver (to cherish knowledge)
• Respect - Respect (to value and be considerate of others)
• Truth - Turtle (to value and live by the Teachings)
• Love - Eagle (you must love yourself to love another)

Question 3

What are the 3 groups of Indigenous People?

Answer 3

• First Nations: Largest group, found across Canada
• Metis: First Nations and European descendants
• Inuit: From the artic but found across Canada

Question 4

Land

Answer 4

• Indigenous say all have the right to land, water and air.
• Treaties indicate that we share the land.
• Historically Canada attempted to assimilate nations (no people=no treaties=no legal conflict)
• Indigenous want Canada to honour treaties and land rights

Question 5

What are/were treaties used for?

Answer 5

• Establishing land agreements
• Economic gain, trade
• Military alliances
• Indigenous were often forced to stay in one place
• Land was auctioned off, and Indigenous couldn’t bid
• Indian Act (1870) began assimilation in schools

Question 6

What are Friendship Treaties?

Answer 6

Groups of people negotiating passage through Indigenous land.

Question 7

What are Ontario Treaties for Land and Resources?

Answer 7

Agreements between First Nations ad government to enable peaceful settlement of land.

Question 8

What are Numbered Treaties?

Answer 8

Agreements enabling settlers to settle across Canada, were important for completing the railroad.

Question 9

What is a Wampum Belt?

Answer 9

Sacred method of recording history, laws and treaties of the Haudenosaunee. The two-row Wampum belt represents the Haudenosaunee and the Dutch (purple beads), on the river of life (white beads), never interfering.

Question 10

What was the Basket Clause?

Answer 10

Took away hunting and fishing rights of William’s Treaty First Nations.

Question 11

What problem did the First Nations hope the William’s Treaty would solve?

Answer 11

Settlers encroaching on their land.

Question 12

What were the lasting impacts of the Williams Treaty?

Answer 12

• Removed hunting and fishing rights, which weren’t resolved until 2018.

Question 13

What are the seven stages of life?

Answer 13

1. The good life
2. The fast life
3. The wandering life
4. The stages of truth
5. Planning
6. Doing
7. Elder
   each stage is 7 years

Question 14

What is the message of the rose story?

Answer 14

That life is like a rose. The events are the thorns and the outcome is the bud. You have to go through the bad to see the good.

Question 15

What is the message of the Strawberry Story?

Answer 15

That it’s important to change and forgive yourself and others. The brother in the story had to forgive himself for his brothers death and he only did after eating the strawberry that he took as a sign.

Question 16

What is the message of the Dreamer’s Rock story?

Answer 16

That it’s important to have a connection to your ancestors. In the story, she reconnected with her ancestors by offering food to them at Dreamer’s Rock.