unit 1

Question 1

What are the organic elements?

Answer 1

C
H
O
N
P
S

Question 2

What are the major inorganic elements?

Answer 2

Na
Mg
K
Ca
Cl

Question 3

What are the trace inorganic elements?

Answer 3

Cr
Mn
Fe
Zn
Si
F
I

Question 4

Bond strength from greatest to least.

Answer 4

ionic bonds (absence of water)
covalent bonds (nonpolar and polar)
ionic bonds (presence of water)
hydrogen bonds

Question 5

What are the macromolecules?

Answer 5

proteins
lipids (fat)
nucleic acids
carbohydrates

Question 6

What are the organic molecules?

Answer 6

macromolecules
vitamins
neurotransmitters
hormones
drugs

Question 7

What are the inorganic molecules?

Answer 7

generally salts or small, simple molecules

Question 8

What are the cations of inorganic molecules?

Answer 8

Mg^2+
K^+
Fe^3+
Ca^2+
Na^+
Zn^2+

Question 9

What are the anions of inorganic molecules?

Answer 9

Cl^-
HCO^3-
HPO4^2-
SO4^2-

Question 10

What are the gases of inorganic molecules?

Answer 10

O2
CO2

Question 11

Is H2O an inorganic molecule

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

Hydrophobic is ____

Answer 12

water-hating

Question 13

Hydrophilic is ____

Answer 13

water-loving

Question 14

What kind of bond is hydrophobic?

Answer 14

CH bonding

Question 15

What bonds are hydrophilic?

Answer 15

hydrogen bonding (partial charge)
ionic bonding (full charge)

Question 16

What are examples of hydrophobic molecules?

Answer 16

fats
cholesterol
proteins

Question 17

What are examples of hydrophilic molecules?

Answer 17

water
inorganic ions
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
proteins

Question 18

What are examples of amphiphilic molecules?

Answer 18

proteins
phospholipids

Question 19

What are the three types of transmembrane proteins?

Answer 19

peripheral
integral
transmembrane

Question 20

Are peripheral proteins hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 20

hydrophilic

Question 21

Are integral proteins hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 21

hydrophobic

Question 22

Are transmembrane proteins hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 22

amphiphilic

Question 23

What do membrane proteins transport?

Answer 23

ions & small molecules
chemical signals

Question 24

What do membrane proteins attach to?

Answer 24

cytoskeleton & extracellular matrix
other cells

Question 25

What membrane do bacteria have?

Answer 25

plasma membrane with an inner and outer membrane

Question 26

What membrane do fungi have?

Answer 26

cell membrane

Question 27

What membrane does the influenza virus have?

Answer 27

a lipid bilayer

Question 28

What membrane does the covid virus have?

Answer 28

a lipid bilayer

Question 29

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 29

fatty acids breaking the tails from the heads, breaking the covalent bonds

Question 30

What are the alkaline products that break covalent bonds from fatty tails?

Answer 30

bleach
hydrogen peroxide
oxyclean

Question 31

What is the pH of the cytosol?

Answer 31

7.2

Question 32

What is the cytosol made out of?

Answer 32

water
dissolved salts
dissolved organics (macromolecules)

Question 33

What are inclusions?

Answer 33

large packages of macromolecules floating in the cytoplasm

Question 34

What are organelles?

Answer 34

membrane-bound compartments in the cell

Question 35

What are fibers?

Answer 35

polymers of specific proteins that make up the cytoskeleton

Question 36

What are some examples of cytoplasmic inclusions?

Answer 36

glycogen
lipid droplets
pigments

Question 37

Where is glycogen?

Answer 37

inside the liver and skeletal muscle cells

Question 38

What are lipid droplets?

Answer 38

fat and dipocytes

Question 39

What are pigments?

Answer 39

modified amino acids