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Grade 11 Bio > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is biodiversity

A

Biodiversity is the variety of life found in a particular ecosystem

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of diversity

A

Ecological diversity
Genetic diversity
Species diversity

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3
Q

What is ecological diversity

A

The variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems found in an are or on earth

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4
Q

What is genetic diversity

A

The variety of genetic material within a species or a population

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5
Q

What is species diversity

A

The number and abundance of a species present in different communities

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6
Q

What is species composition

A

Which particular species are present

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7
Q

What is species richness

A

The total number of different species in an area

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8
Q

What is species evenness

A

How relatively abundant each of the species are

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9
Q

What are some benefits of biodiversity

A

The higher the biodiversity, the more robust the ecosystem is
- food and drink
- medicines
- ecological services
- leisurely, cultural, and aesthetic values

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10
Q

What are some causes of biodiversity loss

A
  • Pollution
  • loss of tropical forest
  • spread of urban areas
  • warfare
  • large dam construction
  • road building
  • tourism
  • loss of traditional lifestyle
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11
Q

What does diversity mean

A

Different

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12
Q

What is classification

A

The process by which organisms are grouped together

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13
Q

Who developed the international system of naming organisms

A

Carl Linnaeus

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14
Q

What Is the international system of naming called

A

Binomial nomenclature

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15
Q

How does binomial nomenclature work

A

The first name is the genus name (always capitalized) the second name is the species name (always lower case)
E.g Canis Lupus

The name is AlWAYS underlined when
HANDWRITTEN

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16
Q

What is taxonomy

A

The study of classifying organisms

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17
Q

What are taxonomists

A

Scientists who specialize in studying the relationships among organisms

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18
Q

What are taxons

A

Taxons are groups that classify organisms from least specific to most

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19
Q

What are all the taxons in order from least specific to most

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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20
Q

What is evidence from anatomy

A
  • The study of the structure of organisms
  • Using anatomical evidence from living species to determine relationships among organisms
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21
Q

What is evidence from physiology

A
  • The study of the function of animals
  • includes studying the biochemistry and proteins of organisms
    -since proteins are determined from genes and DNA the degree of genetic similarities is determined
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22
Q

What is evidence from DNA

A

The more genes and genetic Sequences two individuals have in common the more closely related they are

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23
Q

What is phylogeny

A

Used to present an evolutionary hypothesis about an organisms history

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24
Q

What is caladogram

A

A branching diagram that resembles a phylogenetic tree

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25
Characteristics of prokaryotes
Size - 1-10 um Kingdoms - Bacteria and Archaea DNA - circular No nucleus, no membrane bound organelles Reproduction - asexual (binary fission) Unicellular Many are anaerobic (do not require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration)
26
Characteristics of Eukaryotes
Size - 100-1000um Kingdoms - Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals DNA - linear Nucleus and membrane bound organelles Reproduction- sexual (Meiosis) Asexual (mitosis) Multi or unicellular Many are aerobic (require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration)
27
Are viruses living
No
28
Why aren’t viruses living?
Viruses lack cells, cytoplasm, organelles, and a cell membrane The do not carry out respirations or other life processes
29
What do viruses consist of
Viruses consist of a few strands of DNA and RNA, surrounded by a capsid
30
What is a characteristic that viruses share with living things
The ability to multiply
31
How does a virus multiply, can it do it on its own
Viruses cannot multiply on its own it depends on the metabolism of a cell to replicate its DNA or RNA
32
What does a capsid do
A capsid protects the virus from attacks, and allows it to attach to specific host cells
33
What are the two types of viral reproduction
Lysic and Lysogenic
34
What is lytic viral reproduction
Immediate response infection and symptoms
35
What is lysogenic viral reproduction
Viral DNA becomes integrated into host cell’s genome and is passed on through mitosis
36
What is the lytic cycle
1. ATTACHMENT - a virus attaches to a specific receptor site on the cell membrane of the host cells 2. ENTRY - once the virus lands on the host cell it, it injects its nucleic acid into the host cell 3. REPLICATION - the viral DNA and RNA becomes replicated and the host cell’s DNA begins to break down 4. ASSEMBLY - new virus particles are assembled 5. LYSIS & RELEASE: The host cell breaks open (lysis), and the newly formed viruses are released. These viruses will now go on to infect more cells
37
How many minutes does the lytic cycle take and how many new viruses are reproduced
The entire process takes approximately 30 minutes, and each time, about 200 new viruses are produced
38
What are archaea’s
They are referred to as extreme-o-philes They are prokaryotic They’re are 3 different groups based on their metabolism
39
Why are archaea called extreme-o-philes
It’s because they love extreme conditions i.E high salinity, high temperature, high acidity, ect
40
What are the three groups archaea are classified into
1. Methanogen 2. Halophiles 3. Thermoacidophiles
41
What are methanogens
They are archaea They produce methane waste They live in anaerobic environments (below surface of swamps, in sewage-disposal plants) They use carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas, or hydrogen sulfide as a source of energy
42
What are halophiles
They are salt loving archaea They live in extremely salty conditions (salt concentration can reach 15% regular sea water is only 3.5% salinity)
43
What are thermoacidophiles
They are heat and acid loving archaea They live in extremely hot (above 80°c) and acidic environments They can live in volcanoes and hot springs
44
What are the three domains
Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria
45
What are bacteria
They are prokaryotes They live as single cells and therefore are unicellular Their preferred method of reproduction is asexual reproduction
46
When classifying bacteria what are the three shapes and the name associated with them
1. Round and Cocci (singular coccus) 2. Rod-shaped and Bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. Spiral-shaped and Spirilli (singular spirillus)
47
When referring to bacteria what does the prefix diploi- mean
Arranged in pairs
48
When referring to bacteria what does the prefix staphylo- mean
Arranged in clusters
49
When referring to bacteria what does the prefix strepto- mean
Arranged in chain
50
What does diplococci mean
Round bacteria in pairs
51
What does streptobacilli mean
Rod-shaped bacteria arranged in a chain
52
What does staphlospirilli mean
Spiral-shaped bacteria arranged in clusters
53
What are bacteria classified by
1. Shape 2. Cell wall structure 3. Carbon and energy sources
54
What is gram stain used for
Gram stain is used to highlight basic differences in the arrangement of amino acid and sugar molecules in bacteria cell walls
55
What is gram-positive bacteria
Gram positive bacteria have a think protein layer on their cell wall and stain purple
56
What is gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria have a thin protein layer on their cell walls and stain pink
57
What do photosynthetic bacteria use for their energy source
Light
58
What do chemosynthetic bacteria use for their energy source
Inorganic compounds
59
Why can’t bacteria reproduce by mitosis or meiosis
It’s because they lack a nucleus
60
What is asexual reproduction in bacteria called
Binary fission
61
What are the steps to binary fission
1. As bacterial cell grows, it makes a copy of its original, single chromosome. The cell elongates and separates the two chromosomes 2. A septum begins to form and begins dividing the elongated call 3. The septum is complete and distinct cell walls form 4. The cells separate into 2 smaller, genetically identical cells

Grade 11 Bio (1 decks)

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