Unit 1

Question 1

Natural Enforcement

Answer 1

The occurrence of a particular behavior
is followed by an immediate consequence
that results in the strengthening of the behavior. (The person is more likely to engage in the behavior again in the future.)

Question 2

covert

Answer 2

hidden away, not observable

Question 3

overt

Answer 3

obvious, observable

Question 4

believes in the application of behaviorism to the covert, aba can be applied to thoughts

Answer 4

radical behaviorism

Question 5

all behavior has a cause and is thus predictable. Free will is an illusion, and our behavior is governed by internal or external forces over which we have no control.

Answer 5

determenism

Question 6

behavioral techniques of reward, reinforcement etc. can be applied to non-observable inner thoughts, covert

Answer 6

Mentalism

Question 7

dogs, reflexes can be conditioned to a neutral stimulus, basic processes of respondent conditioning

Answer 7

Pavlov

Question 8

law of effect. The law of effect states that a behavior that produces a favorable effect on the environment is more likely to be repeated in the future.

Answer 8

Thorndike

Question 9

father of behaviorism, emphasis on observable behavior

Answer 9

Watson

Question 10

expanded the field of behaviorism; explained the distinction between respondent conditioning and operant conditioning, in which the consequence of behavior controls the future occurrence of the behavior

Answer 10

Skinner

Question 11

Scientific study of behavior

Answer 11

experimental analysis of behavior

Question 12

practical real-life application of behavior technique

Answer 12

applied behavior analysis

Question 13

A functional relationship is established if:

Answer 13

(a) a target behavior changes when an independent variable is manipulated (a procedure is implemented), while all other variables are held constant, and
(b) the process is replicated or repeated one or more times and the behavior changes each time.

Question 14

looks at any conceivably related variables to behavior

Answer 14

Basic Behavioral Analysis

Question 15

constrained to behaviors that can be improved under study

Answer 15

Applied Behavior Analysis

Question 16

looks to the social issue

Answer 16

Applied BA

Question 17

when researchers are able to find the causes of behaviors, increase them or decrease them, turn them on/off, often uses reversal technique

Answer 17

Analytic BA

Question 18

looks to accurate, replicable, descriptions of behavior

Answer 18

Technological BA

Question 19

relevance to principle

Answer 19

Effective BA

Question 20

application of techniques over time, across environments, multiple behaviors

Answer 20

Generality BA

Question 21

refers to the consistency of a measure

Answer 21

Reliability

Question 22

refers to the accuracy of a measure

Answer 22

Validity

Question 23

What “rule of thumb” is suggested to determine whether a procedural description is
“technological?

Answer 23

whether someone at the plain reading level can replicate the experiment based on the description provided (clarity and accuracy in the description)

Question 24

What is the potential disadvantage of a failure to link behavior-change procedures with their
underlying principles?

Answer 24

Failure to bridge can lead to improper/incomplete descriptions of procedures and implications, minimizes the discipline, and makes procedures more difficult to replicate

Question 25

purposes of assessment

Answer 25

Measurement of target behavior:
What treatment to apply
Best treatment/ most effective
Measurement of target behavior for change

Question 26

of times behavior occurs in an interval

Answer 26

Frequency measurement

Question 27

how long behavior is acted for

Answer 27

Duration measurement

Question 28

how long between event and initiation of the behavior

Answer 28

Latency measurement

Question 29

time in between behavior and repeat

Answer 29

Interresponse time measurement

Question 30

how many intervals in the study did the behavior occur

Answer 30

Percent of occurrence measurement

Question 31

behavior is counted if it occurs during part of interval

Answer 31

Partial-interval recording

Question 32

behavior is counted if it lasts the duration of the interval

Answer 32

Whole-interval recording

Question 33

behavior is counted if it occurs at the end of an interval

Answer 33

Momentary time sampling

Question 34

results such as sales are measured rather than the behavior

Answer 34

Permanent product measurement

Question 35

3 aspects of a data path that one has to consider before making a phase change

Answer 35

level, trend, variability

Question 36

principal limitations of an A-B design

Answer 36

A-B cannot demonstrate functional relationship