Unit 1 Flashcards
Natural Enforcement
The occurrence of a particular behavior
is followed by an immediate consequence
that results in the strengthening of the behavior. (The person is more likely to engage in the behavior again in the future.)
covert
hidden away, not observable
overt
obvious, observable
believes in the application of behaviorism to the covert, aba can be applied to thoughts
radical behaviorism
all behavior has a cause and is thus predictable. Free will is an illusion, and our behavior is governed by internal or external forces over which we have no control.
determenism
behavioral techniques of reward, reinforcement etc. can be applied to non-observable inner thoughts, covert
Mentalism
dogs, reflexes can be conditioned to a neutral stimulus, basic processes of respondent conditioning
Pavlov
law of effect. The law of effect states that a behavior that produces a favorable effect on the environment is more likely to be repeated in the future.
Thorndike
father of behaviorism, emphasis on observable behavior
Watson
expanded the field of behaviorism; explained the distinction between respondent conditioning and operant conditioning, in which the consequence of behavior controls the future occurrence of the behavior
Skinner
Scientific study of behavior
experimental analysis of behavior
practical real-life application of behavior technique
applied behavior analysis
A functional relationship is established if:
(a) a target behavior changes when an independent variable is manipulated (a procedure is implemented), while all other variables are held constant, and
(b) the process is replicated or repeated one or more times and the behavior changes each time.
looks at any conceivably related variables to behavior
Basic Behavioral Analysis
constrained to behaviors that can be improved under study
Applied Behavior Analysis
looks to the social issue
Applied BA
when researchers are able to find the causes of behaviors, increase them or decrease them, turn them on/off, often uses reversal technique
Analytic BA
looks to accurate, replicable, descriptions of behavior
Technological BA
relevance to principle
Effective BA
application of techniques over time, across environments, multiple behaviors
Generality BA
refers to the consistency of a measure
Reliability
refers to the accuracy of a measure
Validity
What “rule of thumb” is suggested to determine whether a procedural description is
“technological?
whether someone at the plain reading level can replicate the experiment based on the description provided (clarity and accuracy in the description)
What is the potential disadvantage of a failure to link behavior-change procedures with their
underlying principles?
Failure to bridge can lead to improper/incomplete descriptions of procedures and implications, minimizes the discipline, and makes procedures more difficult to replicate
purposes of assessment
Measurement of target behavior:
What treatment to apply
Best treatment/ most effective
Measurement of target behavior for change
of times behavior occurs in an interval
Frequency measurement
how long behavior is acted for
Duration measurement
how long between event and initiation of the behavior
Latency measurement
time in between behavior and repeat
Interresponse time measurement
how many intervals in the study did the behavior occur
Percent of occurrence measurement
behavior is counted if it occurs during part of interval
Partial-interval recording
behavior is counted if it lasts the duration of the interval
Whole-interval recording
behavior is counted if it occurs at the end of an interval
Momentary time sampling
results such as sales are measured rather than the behavior
Permanent product measurement
3 aspects of a data path that one has to consider before making a phase change
level, trend, variability
principal limitations of an A-B design
A-B cannot demonstrate functional relationship
