Unit 1

Question 1

What is a drug?

Answer 1

A drug by definition by the FDA is an agent inteded to use in diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease in humans or in other animals.

Question 2

What are drug products?

Answer 2

Drug products are finished pharmaceutical dosage forms (PDF) or drug delivery systems (DDS) which contain the API (drug) along with excipients/inert substances in the “formulated” drug product

Question 3

What is Pharmaceutics?

Answer 3

Pharmaceutics is the discipline of pharmacy that deals with all facets of the process of turning a new chemical entity intoa medication able to be safely and effectively used by patients in the community. It is the science of dosage form design.

Question 4

What are dosage forms?

Answer 4

Dos`age forms are forculated drug preparations administered to patients througha certain route, which contain active and inactive ingredients.

Question 5

What is formulation?

Answer 5

It is the process to develop a formula (a recipe, a prescription) for the preparation of a drug product (a dosage form) can be directly used in clinical. eg. tablets, capsules, powders, solutions, emulsions, aerosols, creams, ointments, lotions, suppositories.

Question 6

What are the active ingredients?

Answer 6

Is any component that is intended to furnish pharmacologic activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, curve, mitigation, treatment or prevent of disease or to affect the structure or function of the body of humans or other animals.

Question 7

What are excipients?

Answer 7

“Inactive” they are non-medicinal agents given in combination with API that serve varied and specialized pharmaceutical function.

Question 8

What are the Commonly used excipients?

Answer 8

1. Flavorants
2. Colorants
3. Sweetening agents
4. Antioxidants - used to prevent deterioration of preparations by oxidation.
5. Preservatives- (antifungal or antimicrobial) used to preserve the preparations against microbial contamination.
6. Chelating agents: used to complex or bind trace metals thus to chemcially prevent them to participate in oxidization processes.

Question 9

What is a drug delivery system?

Answer 9

Drug delivery system (DDS) is an advanced drug product or device or the combination of two that safely brings a therapeutic agents to a specific body site at a certain rate to achieve an effective concentration at the site of_ drug action. _

Question 10

What is involved in modern pharmaceutics and what does ADME stand for?

Answer 10

Modern Pharmaceutics studies the deliver, release of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) and effectiveness of API in the body,.

As a discipline of pharmaceutical sciencces, pharmaceutics is the science of preparing drug products, after an active pharmaceutical ingreients is discovered pharmacologically tested, synthesized and purified.

Question 11

Give the run down on the fate of a drug and how it works?

Answer 11

1. Dissolution in the GI tract (solid, disintegrate, dissolve, liquid solution)
2. ADME - biopharmaceutics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)

Question 12

What are the physicochemical protperties related to the dissolution rate?

Answer 12

• Diffusion coeffiecient of the drug
• Solubility of the drug
• pKa of the drug
• pH of the liquid
• liquid viscosity
• liquid volume
• temperature