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Information Technology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Email protocols

A
  • SMTP ~ used to transfer emails
  • POP3 ~ used to retrieve emails and download them
  • IMAP ~ used to retrieve emails and download them to sync them with the mail server
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2
Q

Voice and video call protocols

A
  • H.323 ~ communicating over packet switched networks
  • SIP ~ create, control and end VOIP connections
  • RTP ~ transfer audio and video over IP-based networks
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3
Q

Webpages protocols

A
  • HTTP ~ transfer files over the internet
  • HTTPS ~ uses public key cryptography to encrypt communications
  • FTP ~ upload files and download large files
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4
Q

Security protocols

A
  • SSL and TLS ~ transactions over networks are kept safe
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5
Q

User authentication

A

Usernames and passwords authenticate users who have permission and prevent unauthorised access by hackers

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6
Q

Firewalls

A

Monitor traffic to prevent unauthorised access and dangerous data packets being passed into the system.

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7
Q

Encryption

A

Ensures intercepted data cannot be read.

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8
Q

Bandwidth

A

The rate is data transfer over a network

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9
Q

Multifunctional devices

A

Devices that can perform multiple functions such as inputting and outputting data. An example is a touch screen that outputs an image while allowing the user to input data.

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10
Q

Barcode scanner

A

Inputs a barcode and converts the information into data.

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11
Q

Epos system

A

Records sales and updates stock levels

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12
Q

Use of digital devices

A
  • Education
  • personal
  • social
  • creative
  • organisational
  • retail
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13
Q

Input devices

A
  • Keyboard
  • mouse
  • scanner
  • microphone
  • webcam
  • sensor
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14
Q

Output devices

A
  • Monitor
  • projector
  • printer
  • speakers
  • headphones
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15
Q

Accessibility devices

A
  • Trackball
  • touch screen
  • large keyboard
  • eye motion sensor
  • head motion trackers
  • braille embosser
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16
Q

Automatic processes

A
  • biometric readers
  • barcode readers
  • radio frequency indemnification
  • smart meters
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17
Q

Manual processes

A
  • Keying details into database
  • marking exam papers
  • entering survey responses from a form
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18
Q

Hard disk drives pros and cons

A

pro
- Large storage on a per byte basis
- reliable
con
- slower than SSD’s
- not as portable

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19
Q

Solid state drivers pros and cons

A

Pro
- fast data read/write speeds
- lower power consumption
- reliable as it has no moving parts
con
- higher cost than HDD’s
- low storage
- finit number of writes

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20
Q

SD card pros and cons

A

pro
- small and portable
- easy to transfer
con
- small storage
- potential compatibility problems

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21
Q

USB memory stick pros and cons

A

pro
- portable
- compatible
con
- low storage capacity
- finite number of writes
can be lost as it is small

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22
Q

Optical disk (CD) pros and cons

A

Pro
- small and portable
- compatible
con
- archival stability is questionable
- fragile and easy to damage

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23
Q

Magnetic tape pros and cons

A

Pro
- large storage capacity
- cheap
con
- data is accessed serially which is very slow
- requires specialist equipment for reading and recording data.

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24
Q

Real time operations systems

A

inputs are processed and responded to instantaneously

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25
Q

Single user single task operating system

A

One user can use the system at a time and one application can run at a time

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26
Q

Single user multitasking operating system

A

One user can use the system at a time but many applications can run simultaneously

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27
Q

Multiuser operating system

A

Many users can use the system at the same time and can run many applications simultaneously

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28
Q

Factors affecting performance

A
  • Hardware
  • malware
  • virtual memory
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29
Q

TCP/IP stack

A

Set of protocols used for transmitting data over the internet

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30
Q

command line interface pros and cons

A

Pro
- experienced user find it quicker to complete tasks
- requires far less memory and processing power
con
- requires knowledge of commands
- Intimidating for inexperienced users

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31
Q

Graphical user interface pros and cons

A

pro
- simple
- easy to use for beginners
- don’t have to learn commands
- option to adapt interface to suit users needs
con
- requires a lot of processing power and memory
- experienced users find it frustrating

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32
Q

Menu based interface pros and cons

A

pro
- limited number of options to chose from making it easy to use
- performs tasks without instructions
- adapt interface to suit users needs
con
- performing tasks can be slow and frustrating

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33
Q

File compression

A

Compresses files to reduce their size and decompress them for later access

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34
Q

Backup

A

Backup utilities allow you to automate the backup process

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35
Q

Disk defragmenter

A

Recognises the data for quicker access

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36
Q

Firewall

A

Prevents unauthorised access by monitoring and blocking suspicious traffic

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37
Q

Antivirus

A

Prevents computers from receiving viruses and detects and removes viruses that have already infected a system

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38
Q

Image file types

A
  • PNG
  • GIF
  • PNG
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39
Q

Application software file types

A
  • DOC
  • PDF
  • ACCDB
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40
Q

Video file types

A
  • MP4
  • MOV
  • AVI
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41
Q

Proprietary software pros and cons

A

Pro
- support provided by software creators
- more features than open source
con
- software company’s can be slow to provide updates and bug fixes
- software is generic
- cost

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42
Q

Open source software pros and cons

A

Pro
- free to use
- support and fixes provided by community
- compatible with other proprietary utility software
con
- support may not be available when needed, it relies on goodwill
- indirect costs

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43
Q

Cat5 pros and cons

A

Used for telephone communications
pro
- versatile
- cheap
con
- short distance use
- susceptible to interference

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44
Q

Coaxial pros and cons

A

Used for television cabling
pro
- less susceptible to interference
- longer distance use
- cheap
con
- difficult to work with because of thick cable
- limited bandwidth

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45
Q

Fibre optics pros and cons

A

Used for internet cables
pro
- improved security
- long distance use
- high data transfer rate
con
- expensive
- specialist staff to install

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46
Q

VGA pros and cons

A

Used in projectors
pro
- universal
- low cost
con
- cumbersome cabling
- signal affected over distance

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47
Q

HDMI pros and cons

A

Used in digital connection to producer both sound and video
pro
- good resolution
- computing and entertainment
con
- limited length
- expensive

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48
Q

USB pros and cons

A

Used to input devices
pro
- high speed
- backwards compatibility
- connect multiple devices
con
- limited distance
- limited power supply

49
Q

Wi-Fi pros and cons

A

Used to connect devices wirelessly
pro
- high data transfer
- good range
- cheap
con
- complex
- security

50
Q

4G pros and cons

A

Used to connect to data networks
pro
- mobility
- fast
con
- cost
- uses public networks

51
Q

Satellite broadband pros and cons

A

provides connectivity to remote areas
pro
- wide coverage
- high speed
con
- high latency
- weather conditions

52
Q

Microwave/ laser pros and cons

A

Allows LAN connections between locations
pro
- high speed
- No ongoing cost
con
- weather conditions
- initial cost

53
Q

Bluetooth pros and cons

A

Used to pair devices over short distance
pro
- easy to use
- low power consumption
con
- low data transfer speeds
- short range

54
Q

Wi-Fi Direct pros and cons

A

used to connect devices to remote displays
pro
- transmit both audio and video
- built into devices
con
- limited range
- affect data connectivity

55
Q

WAN - wide area network

A

A computer network that covers a large geographical area such as a county or the whole world

56
Q

LAN - local area network

A

A computer network that covers a single building or site

57
Q

PAN - private area network

A

Used to connected network devices wirelessly within a short range of an individual

58
Q

VPN - virtual private network

A

Creates a secure network connection over a public network by using encryption

59
Q

Latency

A

The time delay for a data packet to transfer to its destination

60
Q

Compression

A

Reduces file size so files can be transferred faster

61
Q

Lossy

A

Data removed during compression is permanently deleted

62
Q

Lossless

A

All original data can be recovered when uncompressed

63
Q

Codec pros and cons

A

A program used to compress and decompress videos and audio files
Pro
- reduces space taken up on disk
- fast transfer
Con
- loss of quality

64
Q

Personal use of cloud storage

A

storing files such as photos so they are synced and accessible on all users devices

65
Q

Professional use of cloud storage

A
  • storing offsite backups of data
  • accessing documents while working offsite
66
Q

Personal use of cloud computing

A

access software and email on a variety of devices

67
Q

Professional use of cloud computing

A

Access offline applications and email without having to install the software

68
Q

Pros and cons of cloud storage

A

Pro
- data can be accessed on a variety of devices
- software with high requirements can be accessed through cloud computing
Con
- heavy use of bandwidth
- hackers can access and misuse personal photos or videos

69
Q

Pros and cons of cloud computing

A

Pro
- offsite backups are more secure
- subscribe or unsubscribe according to changing needs
- IT staff are not needed
Con
- no control over security of backups
- privacy concerns
- software is inaccessible if there is a network outage

70
Q

Online communities

A
  • social media
  • blog
  • wiki
  • chat room
  • podcast
  • forums
71
Q

Implications of online communities for individuals

A
  • privacy
  • cost
  • meeting needs
  • security
  • user experience
72
Q

Implications of online communities for organisations

A
  • customer needs
  • cost
  • security
  • current systems
  • productivity
  • implementation
  • working practices
73
Q

Threats to data

A
  • malware
  • hackers
  • phishing
  • accidental damage
74
Q

Impact of threats on individuals

A
  • identity fraud
  • bank fraud
75
Q

Impact of threat on organisations

A
  • loss of reputation
  • loss of income
76
Q

How to protect data

A
  • file permissions and access levels
  • backup and recovery procedures
  • passwords
  • protocols
  • digital certificates
  • physical access control
77
Q

Data protection act 2018

A
  • protection of personal data
  • protects privacy of data held by others
  • rights to users on what data is collected and how their data is used
78
Q

Computer misuse act 1990

A
  • protects against attacks on IT systems
  • covers threats like hacking and spreading malware.
79
Q

Retail pros and cons

A

Pro
- wide range
- saves transport time and cost
- targeted audience marketing
Con
- products may not be regulated
- nuisance emails and texts

80
Q

Financial services pros and cons

A

Pro
- manage finances from home
- saves transport time and money
Con
- services may not be genuine
- potential for unauthorised access

81
Q

Education pros and cons

A

Pro
- learn on own time
- wide range of courses
Con
- make sure course is accredited
- lack of structure

82
Q

News pros and cons

A

Pro
- up to date information
- plan travel to avoid weather
- can be personalised
Con
- reliability
- too much information accessed too quickly

83
Q

Entertainment pros and cons

A

Pro
- wide range
- play with people all around the world
Con
- safety

84
Q

Productivity pros and cons

A

Pro
- accessibility
- collaboration
Con
- loss of human touch

85
Q

Booking systems pros and cons

A

Pro
- no need to travel
- fewer admin staff
- avoid teleport queue
Con
- disadvantage for those without internet access

86
Q

Collaborative working online pros

A
  • different locations can work together
  • no need to travel
  • work on the same document
  • shared workspaces
87
Q

Uses of transactional data

A
  • specific marketing
  • analyse trends to make sure there is enough stock
  • plan the workforce
88
Q

Stock control pros and cons

A

Pro
- automatic stock reordering
- accurate stock levels recorded
Con
- expensive
- staff training

89
Q

Data logging pros and cons

A

Pro
- accurate recordings
- no human error
- automatic processing
Con
- persistent data connectivity

90
Q

Office tasks pros and cons

A

Pro
- improved efficiency
Con
- training of staff
- IT support teams to correct issues

91
Q

Creative tasks pros and cons

A

Pro
- easier to edit
- many ways of sharing
Con
- files require large storage capacity
- piracy

92
Q

Online adverts pros and cons

A

Pro
- targeted marketing
- cost effective
Con
- too many choices of sites

93
Q

Manufacturing pros and cons

A

Pro
- improved efficiency
- hazardous tasks can be performed by machinery
Con
- loss of jobs
- can’t deal with exceptions easily

94
Q

Security pros and cons

A

Pro
- swipe cards and biometrics
- CCTV monitoring requires less staff
Con
- expensive
- privacy

95
Q

Primary data

A

Data is gathered directly from the source, for example using a survey or from sensor readings

96
Q

Secondary data

A

Data that already exists, for example from previous research, books. It could also be data on shopping trends.

97
Q

Complete data

A

All the data must be there, for example, sales data that misses a months results could lead to incorrect decisions.

98
Q

Accurate data

A

The data must be correct and truthful. This is easier to achieve from primary sources.

99
Q

Questionnaire pros and cons

A

Pro
- gather information from a large audience in a short time
- everyone gets asked the same questions giving consistency to data
Con
- may be misinterpreted by users resulting in less reliable data
- response rate is usually low

100
Q

Interview pros and cons

A

Pro
- follow up questions can be asked giving more understanding of questions
- honesty from respondents
Con
- a lot of time to gather data
- data is less quantitative and harder to analyse

101
Q

Focus group pros and cons

A

Pro
- quick to gather information
- respondents will react to each others answers providing detailed data
Con
- assembling a group of people at the same time can be difficult
- qualitative data can be hard to analyse

102
Q

Type check

A

Data must be the correct type such as the date in a date of birth field

103
Q

Range check

A

Numerical data must be between set values. Such as ages must be between 18 and 65

104
Q

Length check

A

Data must be less than or greater than a certain number of digits. Such as the first name must be less than 15 characters.

105
Q

Format check

A

Data must be in the correct predefined format. Such as postcodes must be LLN NLL

106
Q

Double entry check

A

Data must be entered twice, and both entries must match. Such as entering a password twice on a registration form.

107
Q

Proofreading check

A

Data must be read through to ensure there are no data entry errors. Such as a check box asking you to confirm data entered is correct.

108
Q

Error reduction

A
  • automating certain aspects
  • labelling input areas
  • warnings when incorrect data is entered
  • colour to indicate data entry
109
Q

Moral and ethical issues 1

A
  • environment
  • unequal access
  • online behaviour
  • globalisation
  • freedom of speech
  • acceptable use
110
Q

Moral and ethical issues 2

A
  • health and safety
  • copyright
  • computer misuse
  • protection of data
  • privacy
  • accessibility
111
Q

Copyright act 1988

A
  • protects the right of creators of original pieces of work. This prevents others distributing this work without the copyright holder’s permission.
  • 10 years imprisonment
112
Q

Health and safety regulations 1992

A
  • organisations must make sure that display equipment meets health and safety standards.
  • 2 years imprisonment
113
Q

The copyright regulations 1992

A
  • company board directors liable to prosecution for allowing illegally copied software to be used in their organisation.
114
Q

Police and justice act 2006

A
  • denial of service attacks.
  • 10 years imprisonment
115
Q

Consumer rights act 2015

A
  • regarding goods and services including digital content.
  • have the right to repair, replacement or refund for faulty digital content.
116
Q

Disability discrimination acts 1995 and 2005
Equality act 2010

A
  • website owners and hosts have obligations to make their sites accessible to all.
  • service providers must provide special computer software or additional staff support to make their systems accessible, at no extra charge.
117
Q

British standards institute codes of practice

A
  • web products are accessible to users with physical impediments or learning difficulties.
118
Q
A

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Information Technology (1 decks)

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