Unit 1

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

A cell is the smallest unit that can live on its own and makes up all living things.

Question 2

What do all living things abide by?

Answer 2

MRS GREEN
M - Movement
R - Respiration
S - Sensitivity
G - Growth
R - Reproduction
E - Excretion
E - Equilibrium
N - Nutrition

Question 3

What are the 3 tenets of cell theory?

Answer 3

1. All living things are made up of cells
2. Cells are the smallest and most basic units of life
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 4

What are the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 4

A prokaryote is a cell that
- is unicellular
- lacks a nucleus
- lacks membrane-bound organelle
- reproduces through binary fission
- has one circular chromosome and additional plasmids
- Approx. (~ 0.1–5 μm)
- Members of Kingdoms Archaea and Bacteria

Question 5

What are the characteristics of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 5

A eukaryote is a cell that
- Clearly contains a nucleus
- Other membrane-bound organelles
- Contains more than one linear DNA packaged in a chromosome in the nucleus
- Can be unicellular or multicellular
- Approx. 10–100 μm
- Reproduces through mitosis and meiosis
- Members of Kingdoms Anamalia, Fungi, Plantae, Protista

Question 6

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 6

A group of single-celled organisms with no nucleus and a circular loop of DNA. Bacteria and archaea are both prokaryotic

Question 7

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 7

A group of single and multi-celled organisms with a nucleus and linear strands of DNA. Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotic

Question 8

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 8

The plasma membrane consists of the phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins that separate the intracellular environment from the extracellular environment.

Question 9

What is cytosol?

Answer 9

The cytosol is the aqueous fluid inside the cell that surrounds all cells.

Question 10

What are ribosomes?

Answer 10

Small RNA-protein structures that are the site of protein synthesis. They either float freely in the cytoplasm or are attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Question 11

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 11

The process in which cells make proteins.

Question 12

What is the function of DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid)?

Answer 12

DNA carries the instructions for proteins which are required for cell and organism survival.

Question 13

What is a membrane-bound organelle

Answer 13

Structure within a cell that is enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer that has a certain role in the cell.

Question 14

What is a chromosome?

Answer 14

A chromosome is a structure made of protein and nucleic acids that carry genetic information

Question 15

What is a nucleus?

Answer 15

A double membrane-bound organelle that protects and confines the genetic information (DNA) of a cell.

Question 16

What is a plasmid?

Answer 16

A small, circular loop of DNA that is separate from a chromosome, typically found in bacteria.

Question 17

What is a somatic cell?

Answer 17

any cell that is not a reproductive cell (such as sperm and egg cells). Somatic cells are diploid (2n), meaning they contain two sets of chromosomes – one inherited from each parent.

Question 18

What is meiosis?

Answer 18

The cell division phase which involves the complete separation of sister chromatids and nuclei

Question 19

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 19

An area inside the nucleus of a cell that is made up of RNA and proteins and is where ribosomes are made.