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Computer Communications And Networks > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does RFC stand for?

A

Request for comments

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2
Q

What are RFCs created by?

A

The Internet Engineering Task Force

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3
Q

What is a Network?

A

An interconnected collection of autonomous computers, where users are completely aware of the network existence.

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4
Q

What is a distributed system?

A

An interconnected collection of autonomous computers, where all computers operate as a single, large virtual computer system. A distributed system id a software system built on top of a network, such as the world wide web.

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5
Q

What is a broadcast link?

A

Many machines sharing a common link.

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6
Q

What are point-to-point links?

A

Two machines sharing a single connection link.

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7
Q

What is circuit switching?

A

A physical path between sender and receiver is established, the path remains active until the call is completed.

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8
Q

What are the advantages of circuit switching?

A

Low overhead, packets arrive in sequence, and QoS easier to implement.

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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of circuit switching?

A

Long set up times, non-resilient in case of router failure.

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10
Q

What is packet switching?

A

The source node divides the data into packets and transmits the packets. Each packet has a header that includes the address of the destination node, as well as a sequence number, indicating the position or the packet in the message.

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11
Q

What does the source node do in packet switching?

A

It transmits to the first switching node in the network.

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12
Q

How does the switching node send in packet switching?

A

The switching node sends the packet to another node based on the packet address. The process is repeated until the packet gets to the final destination.

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13
Q

What does the destination node use in packet switching?

A

It uses the sequence numbers to reassemble the packets in correct order.

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14
Q

What is packet switching an example of?

A

Connectionless service, modeled after the postal system.

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15
Q

What is packet switching also known as?

A

Datagram packet switching.

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16
Q

What are the advantages of datagram packet switching?

A

No setup times, flexibility in the face of congestion, and more robust in the event of router failures.

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17
Q

What are the disadvantages of datagram packet switching?

A

High overhead, more processing power at each node, more processing at end node, and jitter.

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18
Q

What is an overview of virtual call switching?

A

The first packet determines the route that all packets will follow, combination of circuit switching and time division multiplexing, packets from different sources will be interleaved in transmission, when you have multiple circuits in one wire, each circuit is called a virtual circuit.

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19
Q

What is the concept of layering involve?

A

Dividing the network functions into logical layers.

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20
Q

What happens when you divide the network functions into logical layers?

A

Each layer is composed of software and/or hardware modules that perform related network services.

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21
Q

What does each layer use?

A

Services provided by the layer immediately underneath.

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22
Q

How must data be transmitted through layers?

A

They must pass down through the layers of the source node to the communication medium.

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23
Q

How does data travel across the physical link in layers?

A

Up through the layers of the destination node to the user, called end-to-end communications.

24
Q

What is a Request For Comments (RFC)?

A

A publication from the Internet Society (ISOC) and its associated bodies, most prominently the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the principle technical development and standards-setting bodies for the Internet.

25
Q

Who invented RFCs and when?

A

Steve Crocker in 1969

26
Q

What are RFCs produced in?

A

Non-reflowable text format, but work has begun to change the format so that documents can be viewed optimally in devices with varying display sizes.

27
Q

What are the four types of primitives?

A

X.request, X.indication, X.response, and X.confirm

28
Q

What are the five physical organisations of a network?

A

Full-mesh, the bus, star topology, ring topology, and the tree.

29
Q

What happens in the bus network?

A

All hosts are attached to a shared medium, usually a cable through a single interface.

30
Q

What happens in a star topology?

A

Hosts have a single physical interface and there is one physical link between each hose and the center of the star.

31
Q

What happens in Ring topology?

A

Each host has a single physical interface connecting to the ring, a signal sent by a host on the ring will be received by all hosts attached to the ring.

32
Q

What are trees typically used for?

A

When a large number if customers must be connected in a very cost-effective manner.

33
Q

What is the first and most widespread transmission mode called?

A

A unicast.

34
Q

What happens in unicast transmission mode?

A

Information is sent by one sender to one receiver.

35
Q

What do most Internet applications rely on?

A

The unicast transmission mode.

36
Q

When is the multicast transmission mode used?

A

When the same information must be sent to a set of recipients.

37
Q

What happens in anycast transmission mode?

A

A set of receivers is identified, when a source sends information towards this set of receivers, the network ensures that the information is delivered to one receiver that belongs to this set.

38
Q

What is network topology?

A

The arrangement of elements of a communication network.

39
Q

What is physical topology?

A

The placement of various components of a network.

40
Q

What does logical topology illustrate?

A

How data flows within a network.

41
Q

What is the physical topology of a network?

A

The transmission medium layout used to link devices.

42
Q

What is logical topology?

A

The way that signals act on the network media, or the way the data passes through the network from one device to the next without regard to the physical interconnection of the devices.

43
Q

What is a router?

A

An internetworking device that forwards packets between networks by processing the routing information included in the packet or datagram.

44
Q

What are modems used for?

A

To connect network nodes via wire not originally designed for digital network traffic, or for wireless.

45
Q

What is a firewall?

A

A network device for controlling network security and access rules.

46
Q

What are the eight basic network topologies?

A

Point-to-point, bus, star, ring or circular, mesh, tree, hybrid, or daisy chain.

47
Q

What is the simplest topology?

A

Point-to-point

48
Q

Which network topology has a dedicated link between two endpoints?

A

Point-to-point

49
Q

Which network topology puts a two-way link between one computer and the next?

A

Linear topology of the daisy chain.

50
Q

What is formed by connecting and he computers at each end of the chain?

A

Ring topology.

51
Q

In which network topology does each node is connected by interface connectors to a single central cable?

A

Bus

52
Q

In which network topology is all of the nodes connected to a common transmission medium with more than two endpoints?

A

Linear bus.

53
Q

In which network topology are all of the nodes of the network connected together a common transmission medium with more than two endpoints, created by adding branches to the main section of the transmission medium.

A

Distributed bus.

54
Q

In which network topology is every peripheral node connected to a central node called a hub or switch?

A

Star

55
Q

What network topology is the easiest to design and implement?

A

Star topology.

56
Q

Which network topology extends a physical star topology by one or more repeaters between the central node and the peripheral nodes?

A

The extended star.

57
Q

What network topology is composed of individual networks that are based upon the physical star topology connected in a linear fashion, “daisy chained” with no central or top level connection point.

A

Distributed star

Computer Communications And Networks (1 decks)

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