UNIT 1

Question 1

What is a healthy diet?

Answer 1

A healthy diet is a diet that maintains or improves overall health. A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, macronutrients such as protein, micronutrients such as vitamins, and adequate fiber and food energy.

Question 2

What are the three types of nutrients

Answer 2

Carbohydrates
Fats/Lipids
proteins

Question 3

Tom is a 16-year-old who is 175cm tall with a mass of 75kg. Estimate his BMR

Answer 3

BMR = [66+(13.7 x 75kg) + (5.0 x 175) - (6.8 x 16)] x 4.18

= 7773.546

Question 4

What are the four stages of digestion

Answer 4

Ingestion - Taking in or eatiing food
digestion - The breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical processes into molecules small enough for us to absorb
absorption - The transpost of the products of digestive from the digestive system into the circulatory system which distributes them to the reat of the body
elimination- the removal of undigested soild waste poop or pee

Question 5

What is the pasages way of food

Answer 5

enters the oral cavity with mechanical and chemical reaction.
Pharnyx squeezes bolus of food into the esophagues
Transposts into the stomach
Stomach secretion of gastric juices. Mucus protects the stomach from acid pepsin. Food gets breaked up in smaller by contrations.
Small intestine three segmenst duodenum, jejunum and ileum which break down food using enzymes released by the pancrease and bile from the liver
Large Intestine- 90% of absortion happens here
Anus eliminates feces.

Question 6

What is the enyme found in saliva beigins the chemical digestion of starches

Answer 6

Amylase

Question 7

Where is bile stored before it enters the alimentary canal

Answer 7

The gallbladder

Question 8

where does the process of chemical digestion being

Answer 8

Mouth

Question 9

What does mechanical digestion in the stomach invilve

Answer 9

?

Question 10

Water is absorbed from undigested material in the body primarily by the

Answer 10

Large intestine

Question 11

What “food tube” carries food between the pharynx and the stomach

Answer 11

Esophagus

Question 12

The stomach breaks down food into an acidic liquid called

Answer 12

Chyme

Question 13

what are the two elements of blood

Answer 13

Fluid Portion - called plasma that consists of water-dissolved gasses, protein, sugars, vitamins, minerals and waste.

Solid Portion- Call the form portion that consists of red blood cells white bood cells and platelets that are formwed in boone marrow

Question 14

What is Plasma

Answer 14

Is 92% water dissolves and transports other substances
7% plasma proteins maintain fluid balance. helps with blood clotting
1% glucose fatty acids vitamins salts and gases maintain fluid balance and aassists in nerve/muscle function

Question 15

what are red blood cells

Answer 15

(erythrocytes) make up 44% of the total volume of blood and are specialized for oxygen transport due to the hemoglobin they contain. Can also carry carbon dioxide in small amounts to aid in waste removal.

Question 16

what are white blood cells?

Answer 16

(leukocytes) Make up 1% of the total volume of blood. has five typles from a complex system for fighting infections and cancer

Question 17

What are platelets

Answer 17

(thrombocyte) Is a membrane-found fragment of cells that plays a role in the complex process of blood clotting.

Question 18

what is oxygenated blood

Answer 18

After the blood gets oxygen in the lungs it is called oxygen-rich blood

Question 19

what is Deoxygenated blood

Answer 19

Is the blood that has a low oxygen saturation in comparison to blood leaving the lungs.

Question 20

Compare systems and how they work together for our body to function

Answer 20

The three systems work together to remove waste from the body while also absorbing necessary nutrients and compounds. An example is, how the circulatory system works together with the digestive system because it helps absorbs nutrients across the intestinal lining into our bloodstream. So the small intestine absorbs most the of nutrients in your food and your circulatory system passes them on to other parts of your body to store or use.

Question 21

Diagnose a respiratory disorders

Answer 21

Asthma
- Has my patients you would show symptoms of coughing, wheezing, blue lips or fingers, faster breathing, and faster heart rate.
- My diagnosis for Asthma would be a spirometer test which is exhaling into a tube that is connected to the spirometer.
- I would prescribe medication and give them an inhaler that can help them breathe giving them more supply of oxygen to their lungs.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Causin blockage of airflow.
- Has my patients you would show symptoms of frequent coughing, shortness of breath, and trouble taking a deep breaking
-My diagnosis for COPD is a breathing test that is called spirometry.
I would also give you a prescription of medications that help like albuterol.

Question 22

Diagnose Cardiovascular complication

Answer 22

Heart attack
- Has my patients you would show symptoms of chest pain like pressure, discomfort in the back neck, mouth area, fatigue, and heartburn or indigestion.
-My diagnosis for this is an electrocardiogram (ECG)
I would also give you a prescription for medications that help like morphine or aspirin to help. If they don’t help surgeries like coronary artery by-pass surgery