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AP Human Geography > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Reference maps

A

Best for locations, transport

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2
Q

Thematic maps

A

best for themes

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3
Q

Absolute distance

A

Measure of physical space

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4
Q

Relative distance

A

Connectivity through social, economic, cultural means

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5
Q

Absolute direction

A

Fixed point of reference

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6
Q

Relative direction

A

In relation to other places

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7
Q

Clustering

A

Objects/things close together

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8
Q

Dispersal

A

How things are dispersed, how things are spread out

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9
Q

Elevation

A

Altitude above sea level

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10
Q

Mercator projection

A

Distorts shape, size

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11
Q

Gall Peters

A

Distorts shape

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12
Q

Azimuthal

A

Distorts shapes a lot

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13
Q

GIS

A

Map with layers of themes

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14
Q

GPS

A

Using satellites to determine a precise location

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15
Q

Space

A

Abstract area on Earth

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16
Q

Place

A

Space with meaning

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17
Q

Flows

A

Movement of people

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18
Q

Distance decay

A

Moving away = less interaction

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19
Q

Time-space compression

A

Tech makes physical distance seem a lot less than what it actually is

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20
Q

Patterns

A

Regular arrangement of something

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21
Q

Land use

A

Ability to modify your environment, often thanks to wealth

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22
Q

Regional scale of analysis

A

Continental

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23
Q

National scale of analysis

A

Countries

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24
Q

Local scale of analysis

A

Anything below national

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25
Q

Formal region

A

Everyone shares 1+ common trait

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26
Q

Uniform region

A

Everyone shares 1+ common trait

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27
Q

Functional region

A

Organized around a focal point

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28
Q

Nodal region

A

Organized around a focal point

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29
Q

Perceptual region

A

Place that is significant to a cultural identity

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30
Q

Vernacular region

A

Place that is significant to a cultural identity

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31
Q

Region

A

Area on Earth defined by 1+ distinctive characteristics.

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32
Q

Scale

A

Relationship between portion of Earth being studied and the Earth itself

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33
Q

Connection

A

Relationships among people and objects across space

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34
Q

Map

A

2-dimensional model of Eath’s surface

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35
Q

Cartography

A

Map-making

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36
Q

Mental Map

A

personal representation of a portion of Earth

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37
Q

Ground-truthing

A

Field researchers driving around in their cars

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38
Q

Geotagging

A

Identification of a place or piece of info based on its longitude/latitude

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39
Q

GPS

A

Uses satellites to determine exact position of thing/person on earth

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40
Q

GIS

A

map with a lot of layers

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41
Q

Remote sensing

A

Capturing data abt Earth through satellites or other “long distance” things

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42
Q

Volunteered geographic info

A

Info submitted voluntarily

43
Q

Citizen science

A

Research by amateur scientists

44
Q

Participatory GIS

A

community-based mapping

45
Q

Mashup

A

A map that overlays info from one source over a map made by a mapping service

46
Q

Map scale

A

Relationship between size on a map and physical size on Earth, comes in 3 ways

47
Q

1) Ratio

A

Shows numeric ratio between distance on map and Earth’s surface

48
Q

2) Written

A

Relationship between map and Earth’s surface via words

49
Q

3) Graphic

A

Bar line to show distance on Earth (aka use a ruler to measure and find out the distance through a key)

50
Q

Projection

A

Transferring Earth’s surface to a flat map

51
Q

Equal-area projections

A

Relative size of landmasses are good, but the hemispheres are separated into two pieces and the meridians don’t converge or form a right angle with the parallel

52
Q

Meridian

A

Arcs between the North/South poles known as longitude

53
Q

Parallel

A

Circular lines around globe, parallel to the meridians, known as latitude

54
Q

Prime Meridian

A

Passes through Greenwich England, 0 Longitude

55
Q

Longitude

A

Manmade concept that is the basis for calculating time (every 15th degree is a timezone)

56
Q

International Date Line

A

Follows 180* Longitude, when you cross it you move back 24hrs if you’re going east and forward 24hrs if you’re going west

57
Q

Location

A

Postion that something occupies on Earth’s surface

58
Q

Toponym

A

Name given to a place on Earth

59
Q

Site

A

Physical character of a place (climate, weather, etc)

60
Q

Situation

A

Location of a place relative to the other places

61
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

Combo of cultural features, economic features, physical features

62
Q

Culture

A

Body of customary beliefs, material traits, social forms, that make up a tradition for a group

63
Q

Language

A

System of signs, sounds, gestures, etc that have meanings understood within a cultural group

64
Q

Religion

A

Principal system of attitudes, beliefs, and practices

65
Q

Ethnicity

A

Encompasses language, religion, etc

66
Q

Spatial association

A

How variables are connected

67
Q

Globalization

A

A process that involves the entire world and makes something worldwide – as if the scale of the old is shrinking

68
Q

Transnational corporations

A

Company that operates fully in many countries

69
Q

Distribution

A

The arrangement of a feature in space

70
Q

Density

A

The frequency that something occurs in space

71
Q

Concentration

A

The extent a feature is spread over space

72
Q

Poststructuralist Geography

A

how powerful groups seek to control less powerful groups

73
Q

Humanistic geography

A

Different ways that humans form ideas about a place, gives places symbolic meaning

74
Q

Behavioral geography

A

Importance of understanding psycological biases for human actions

75
Q

Uneven development

A

Gap in economic conditions between regions

76
Q

Assimilation

A

Process of when a groups cultural features change to look like another group

77
Q

Acculturation

A

Changes in cultural groups that happen bc they meet another group

78
Q

Syncretism

A

Combo of 2 groups that turns into a new group entirely

79
Q

Diffusion

A

Feature spreading from one place to another over time

80
Q

Hearth

A

Origin of an invention

81
Q

Relocation diffusion

A

Spread of an idea by the physical movement of people

82
Q

Hierarchical diffusion

A

Spread of an idea from ppl in power to the lower class (pyramid scheme!)

83
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

Spread of a feature from one place to another

84
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

Rapid diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population

85
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

Spread of an underlying concept taken from something when the actual origin failed to diffuse

86
Q

Network

A

A chain of communcation

87
Q

Ecology

A

study of ecosystems

88
Q

Erosion

A

when soil washes away in the rain

89
Q

Depletion of nutrients

A

Nutrients being depleted when plants take more than they should

90
Q

Cultural ecology

A

Study of human-environment relationships

91
Q

Possibilism

A

The environment lays out many possibilities for what society could be

92
Q

Environmental determinism

A

The environment determines an exact outcome of a society

93
Q

Polder

A

Piece of land created by draining water

94
Q

Political ecology

A

Study of environmental consequences based on politics

95
Q

Cultural barrier

A

Make it difficult for ideas to spread

96
Q

Cultural hearth

A

Where traits in a culture develop

97
Q

Culture complex

A

Combos of a cultural trait

98
Q

Rescale

A

to.. rescale..

99
Q

Generalized map

A

helps demonstrate general trends

100
Q

Activity space

A

Space with lots of activity

101
Q

Sequence occupance

A

Imprints of people who have impacted the world

102
Q

Landscape

A

Material characteristics of a place

103
Q

Perception of place

A

Places in stories, memories, etc

104
Q

Sense of place

A

How humans remember characteristics of a place

AP Human Geography (1 decks)

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