Unit 1 Flashcards
The branch of science that deals with structure of body parts
Anatomy
The study of how the body and its parts work or function
Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology are..
Inseperable
The smallest amount of a chemical element that retains characteristic properties of the element
Atoms
Atoms chemically bonded
Molecules
Smallest unit of living material capable of carrying on all activities necessary for life
Cells
Specialized parts of cells
Organelles
A group of closely associated cells specialized to perform a particular function or group of functions
Tissue
Four main types of tissue
Muscle, Nervous, Connective, Epithelial
Group of tissues with a special function
Organ
Coordinated group of organs and tissues
Organ System
Sum of all structural levels working together
Organism
External covering of the body(Skin, hair, nails, glands)
Integumentary System
Supports body and provides framework for movement(Bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage)
Skeletal System
Causes body movement, source of body heat
Muscular System
Fast acting control system(Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors)
Nervous System
Chemical control system(Major glands and horomones)
Endocrine System
Transportation of blood, gasses, nutrients, hormones, and waste
Cardiovascular System
Supply body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
Respiratory System
Complements cardiovascular system; house white blood cells for immunity
Lymphatic System
Digestion of food and absorption of nutrients
Digestive System
Removal of nitrogenous waste from blood
Urinary system
Produces offspring
Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
Testes, penis, accessory glands
Female Reproductive System
Ovaries, uterus, vagina, accessory ducts
Portion of the body containing the head, neck, and trunk
Axial
Portion of the body containing upper and lower limbs
Appendicular
Cavities contained within the Axial portion of the body
Dorsal and Ventral(Posterior and Anterior)
From which languages do Anatomy and Physiology get their terms
Latin and German
Organ within a cavity
Viscera
Two smaller cavities within the Dorsal cavity
Cranial and Vertebral(Spinal)
Two smaller cavities within the Ventral cavity
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic
Muscle separating the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities
Diaphragm
Separates thoracic cavity into 2 components
Mediastinum
Viscera within the mediastinum
heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland
Cavity which contains the heart
Pericardial Cavity
Cavity which contains the lungs
Pleural Cavity
Viscera within the abdominal cavity
stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidney, pancreas, and most of small and large intestines
Viscera within the pelvic cavity
end of large intestine, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, appendix
Smaller cavities within the cranial cavity
Oral, Nasal, Orbital, Midde-ear
Contained within the Oral Cavity
Mouth, tongue, teeth
Contained within the nasal cavity
nose, nasal septum, frontal and sephanoid sinuses
Contained within the Orbital Cavity
Eyes, muscles, nerves
Contained within the Middle-Ear
Middle-ear bones
The wall of a cavity or hollow structure
Parietal
Referring to the organ inside of a cavity
Visceral
Hole or opening
Cavity
membranes line walls of thoracic cavity where lungs are located
Parietal Pleura
covers lungs
Covers lungs
potential space between parietal and visceral pleura, membranes secrete serous fluid
Pleural Cavity
lines walls of pericardial cavity
Parietal Pericardium
covers heart
Visceral Pericardium
between 2 pericardial membranes
Pericardial Cavity
lines walls of abdominopelvic cavity
Parietal Peritonium
covers each organ of abdominopelvic cavity
Visceral Peritonium
space between peritoneal membrane
Peritonial Cavity
Anatomical Position
body is standing erect, face forward, with upper limbs at the side and palms facing forward
Relative Positions
describe the location of one body part with respect to another body part; if a second part is not given then relative position describes location with respect to the center of the body
Abdominal
anterior body trunk inferior to ribs
Acrominal
point of shoulder
Antebrachial
Forearm
Antecubital
anterior surface of the elbow
Axillary
armpit
Brachial
arm
Buccal
cheek area
Carpal
wrist
Cervical
neck region
Coxal
hip
Crural
anterior leg; the shin
