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Biol 273 - test 1 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of physiology?

A

It is the study of all of the structures & functions of the body and how they all work together.

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2
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

Homeostasis is the the body’s ability to maintain internal stabiblity.

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3
Q

What is an Organ System?

A

An Organ system is a group of multiple organs.

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4
Q

What is a set point?

A

A set point is the “normal” point in which homeostasis ocillates around in order to maintain internal stability.

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5
Q

Acclimatization?

A

Environmentally induced change in physiological function

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6
Q

Acclimation?

A

When an organism is able to adapt to changes using

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7
Q

Circadian Rhythm?

A

A Natural internal circadian cycle that occurs within the body. Ex: Sleep-Wake cycle.

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8
Q

Local Control?

A

Between adjacent/close cells

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9
Q

Reflex control?

A

Between far cells

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10
Q

What is Negative Feeback control?

A
  • When a stimulus occurs, a response happens then the negative feedback control brings the variable back to its set point
  • Maintains Homeostasis
  • Ex: BP, Body Temp
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11
Q

What is Positive Feeback Control?

A
  • When a stimulus occurs, a response occurs and the variable is amplified
  • Does NOT maintain homeostasis
  • Ex: Labour, Voltage-Gates Na+ channels
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12
Q

What is FeedForward Control?

A
  • Anticipatory control: predicts change is about to occur
  • Ex: smell, sight of food
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13
Q

What is a Cell Membrane?

A

A Cell Membrane is a protective membrane that separates the inside environment from the outside environment.

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14
Q

What is a Gap Junction?

A
  • Allows cell-to-cell communication (local communication)
  • Using connexons
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15
Q

What is a Tight Junction?

A
  • Allows connection between cells
  • Using desmosomes
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16
Q

What is Anchoring Juntions?

A
  • Allows cell to stay in place (anchors it)
17
Q

Function of Ephithelia tissue?

A

Epithelia tissues are tissues that separate the inside from the outside environment.

18
Q

Types of Epithelial tissue?

A
  • Exchange (CO2 & O2)
  • Ciliates (females reproductive system and air tracks)
  • Secretory
  • Transport (materials)
  • Protective
19
Q

Function of Connective tissue?

A

Tissue that provides protection and structure

20
Q

Types of Connective tissue?

A
  • Loose (elastic)
  • Dense (strength)
  • Adipose (fat)
  • Blood (watery matrix lacking protein fibres)
  • Supportive (dense substances)
21
Q

Function of muscle tissue?

A

Allows movement and force

22
Q

Types of muscle tissue?

A
  • Cardiac (heart)
  • Smooth
  • Skeletal
23
Q

Function of neural tissues?

A

Send signals

24
Q

What is paracrine?

A

Paracrine is a type of local communication hormone that acts on it’s neighbouring cell

25
Q

What is autocrine?

A

Autocrine is a type of local communication hormone that acts on the signalling cell itself

26
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

in long-distance communication, the endocrine system uses chemical signals to send hormones

27
Q

Specificity?

A

some cells can’t bind the certain receptors because:
- target cells have various receptor proteins
- they can only respond to chemical signals if there is an appropriate receptor

28
Q

What is a Receptor?

A

a receptor is where ligants are able to bind.

29
Q

In order name the levels of organization

A
  • atom
  • molecule
  • cell
  • tissues
  • organs
  • organ system
  • organism
30
Q

What is the integrative approach?

A

research study how a single cell can influence neighbouring cells, tissues, organs and organisms themselves.

31
Q

Function vs. Mechanism

A

Function : “Why” something occurs
Mechanism: “How” something occurs

32
Q

List the type of cell-to-cell communications

A
  • Gap Junctions
  • Contact-Dependant
  • Local
  • Long Distance
33
Q

What is the role of chemical messengers?

A

Carry information from one cell to another

34
Q

Properties of receptors critical for signalling

A
  • Extracellular domain (has receptor than binds to ligand)
  • Trans-membrane domain (hydrophobic)
  • Intracellular domain (sends signal to cell)
35
Q

What is an agonist?

A

Acts as a primary ligand and successfully creates a response

36
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Acts as a primary ligand and doe snot create a response

37
Q

What is signal transduction?

A

When a signal is carried to a particular place, signal amplification occurs

Biol 273 - test 1 (2 decks)

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