Unit 1

Question 1

Popular sovereignty (limited gov’t)

Answer 1

The idea that a govt’s right to rule comes from the people

Question 2

Natural rights (limited gov’t)

Answer 2

the right to life, liberty, and property, which the government cannot take away

Question 3

Republicanism (limited gov’t)

Answer 3

A system in which the govt’s authority comes from the people

Question 4

Social contract (limited gov’t)

Answer 4

People allow their governments to rule over them to ensure an orderly and functioning society

Question 5

Participatory (type of gov’t)

Answer 5

the theory that widespread political participation is essential for a democratic govt

Question 6

Pluralist (type of gov’t)

Answer 6

a theory of democracy that emphasizes the role of groups in the policymaking process

Question 7

Elite (type of gov’t)

Answer 7

theory of democracy that the elites have a disproportionate amount of influence in policymaking

Question 8

Annapolis Convention

Answer 8

Called in 1786 to discuss how the fed govt and Articles of Confed. should be reformed — poor attendance but ideas were important

Question 9

Shays’ rebellion

Answer 9

A popular uprising against the govt of Massachusetts (because of the Articles of Confederation)

Question 10

Virginia Plan

Answer 10

A plan of govt calling for a three branch govt with a bicameral legislature, where more populous states would have more rep in Congress

Question 11

New Jersey Plan

Answer 11

A plan of govt that provided for a unicameral legislature with equal votes for each state

Question 12

Great Compromise

Answer 12

An agreement plan for gov’t that combined Virginia and New Jersey plans (house — population, senate — equal)

Question 13

⅗ Compromise

Answer 13

At the Constitutional Convention it was decided that a slave would count as 3/5 of a person for representation purposes

Question 14

Compromise on importation

Answer 14

Congress could not restrict slave trade until 1808

Question 15

Enumerated powers

Answer 15

Authority specifically granted to a branch of govt in the Constitution

Question 16

Necessary & proper (elastic) clause

Answer 16

Article 1, section 8, granting Congress the powers necessary to carry out its enumerated powers

Question 17

Supremacy clause

Answer 17

Article 4, declares that the constitution and all national laws are the supreme laws of the land.

Question 18

Federalists

Answer 18

Wanted a strong national govt

Question 19

Anti-federalists

Answer 19

Wanted a weak national govt, more state power

Question 20

Bill of Rights

Answer 20

A list of fundamental freedoms that individuals possess (first 10 amendments)

Question 21

Dual federalism

Answer 21

Form of American federalism in which the states and the nation operate independently in their own areas of public policy

Question 22

Cooperative federalism

Answer 22

Form of American federalism in which the states and national govt work together to shape public policy

Question 23

Picket fence federalism

Answer 23

Form of American federalism in which all three levels of govt enact policy

Question 24

Coercive federalism

Answer 24

National govt can impose policy preferences through mandates and restraints (unfunded mandates)

Question 25

Selective incorporation

Answer 25

Process which SCOTUS applies fundamental rights in the Bill of Rights to states in a case by case basis

Question 26

Grants-in-aid

Answer 26

money provided to states from fed govt to implement public policy objectives

Question 27

Fiscal federalism

Answer 27

fed govt’s use of grants-in-aid to influence policies in states

Question 28

Categorical grants

Answer 28

grants-in-aid provided to states with specific provisions on their use

Question 29

Unfunded mandate

Answer 29

fed requirement the states must follow without being provided with funding

Question 30

Block grant

Answer 30

a type of grants-in-aid that gives state officials more authority in the disbursement of federal funds

Question 31

Revenue sharing

Answer 31

when the fed govt apportions tax money to the states with no strings attached

Question 32

Devolution

Answer 32

returning more authority to state or local govts

Question 33

Declaration of Independence

Answer 33

Consists of preamble, list of grievances, and conclusion. Declares that the British govt violated the colonists’ natural rights

Question 34

Articles of Confederation

Answer 34

A document made to unite the 13 colonies as 13 states in which the states had more power than the national govt.

Question 35

U.S. Constitution

Answer 35

document that sets out the fundamental principles of govt and establishes the govt

Question 36

Federalist 10

Answer 36

an essay in which Madison argues that the dangers of faction can be mitigated by a large republic and republican govt

Question 37

Federalist 51

Answer 37

an essay in which Madison argues that the separation of powers and federalism will prevent tyranny

Question 38

Brutus 1

Answer 38

Antifederalist paper saying that the country is too big to be governed as a republic and that the constitution gives the fed govt too much power

Question 39

McCulloch v Maryland (1819)

Question 40

U.S. v Lopez (1995)

Question 41

Article 1 (constitution)

Answer 41

Sets up the responsibilities of the legislative branch.

Question 42

Article 2 (constitution)

Answer 42

Sets up the responsibilities of the judicial branch.

Question 43

Article 3 (constitution)

Answer 43

Sets up the responsibilities of the federal branch.

Question 44

Article 4 (constitution)

Answer 44

Relationships between states

Question 45

Article 5 (constitution)

Answer 45

How to propose and ratify amendments

Question 46

Article 6 (constitution)

Answer 46

Fed govt has supremacy over states

Question 47

Article 7 (constitution)

Answer 47

Ratifies the constitution

Question 48

Implied Powers

Answer 48

Fed govt has authority that goes beyond its enumerated powers