Unit 1

Question 1

How did Kublai Khan remain loyal to his Mongol identity during his reign?

Answer 1

• Supported foreigners, merchants, peasants, and artisans
• Military campaigns
• the social hierarchy
• Favors Mongolians
• (Collapsed due to weakened control, economic instability)

Question 2

What ended the Islamic Golden Age?

Answer 2

The siege of Baghdad
- invasion of the Mongols

Question 3

The Mongols

Answer 3

• nomadic tribe from Asia
• skilled horsemen
• under genghis khans leadership, built and maintained the largest continous land empire
• put together different tribes
• if u surrendered, u survived
• most gender equal empire (nomadic societies have better treatment of women)
• Laws that protected. traders
• military violence & progressive leader

Question 4

what genghis khans real name?

Answer 4

Temujin (changed his name to genghis Kahn)

Question 5

What does Genghis khans name mean

Answer 5

the khan between all the oceans

Question 6

Uyghur

Answer 6

written script the mongolians used

Question 7

Jasagh

Answer 7

legal code
- protects foreigners from violent attacks

Question 8

Pax Mongolica

Answer 8

Peace of Mongolia
- a time of prosper, safe travel, jasagh, tolerable to different beliefs

Question 9

Khara Khorum

Answer 9

capital city
- center of trade and art
- the established capital city of Mongolian empire; the place where they started to settle and became less nomadic

Question 10

House of Wisdom

Answer 10

school in Baghdad [center of knowledge];
started Islamic Golden Age;
translating
texts to Arabic;
preserved information, texts, and dates

Question 11

Cultural Diffusion

Answer 11

melds cultural beliefs together;
transition of culture: language, beliefs, ideas, knowledge, through exposure

Question 12

The Grand Canal

Answer 12

connects China, spreads wealth, (forced labor and expensive)

Question 13

Sinicization

Answer 13

adapting policies to make it more Chinese

Question 14

Benevolent rule

Answer 14

rule where policies are created that benefit individual citizens

Question 15

How far did the empire go?

Answer 15

almost all of Asia

Question 16

four legacys of the Mngoliian empire

Answer 16

Religious tolerance, Written Language, Trade & Craft, Legal Code

Question 17

Yuan Dynasty

Answer 17

The mongols unite the Northern Song Dynasty with the Southern Song Dynasty

Question 18

Genghis Khan

Answer 18

original name Temujin;
prioritized military (cut-throat battle tactics);
spread and grew Mongolian empire, was very vicious,
was tolerant of a lot of things (religions, foreigners, women);
adapted a written script,
embraced trade and art and religious freedom;
started from nothing & worked up to leader

Question 19

Kublai Kahn

Answer 19

{“The great Khan”}
Later ruler of the Mongolian empire,
less vicious but also less successful, less tolerant;
created the Yuan Dynasty; defeated the Southern Song;
moved the capital to Dadu (Beijing) {opposite of Genghis Khan}

Question 20

Marco Polo

Answer 20

Italian guy who traveled to China and wrote books about it

Question 21

In what ways, specifically, did the Mongols and Genghis Khan utilize horses in their culture?

Answer 21

• They poured mares milk on the ground to ensure victory
• Sacrificed it to get to heaven/ used for food during famine
• Used during war - gave them an upper hand, provided upgraded violent weapons,
• Made a saddle, stirrup, and saddlebag to make riding and shooting a bow & arrow easier and to ride them more comfortably and longer
  They took advantage of the horse’s tendons to make bows.

What is the impact of the Islamic Golden Age in World History?

Question 22

What aspects of Genghis Khan’s rule support a legacy of violence?

Answer 22

• “Barbarian like”;
• Creative and violent war tactics - attacking, retreating, then returning and destroying the enemy; using catapults; burning cities to the ground; keeping cities on fire for months; blocking food supplies; killing 40 million people; burying people upside down
  He also killed his brother
• He starved people, razed cities to the ground, planned for people’s sufferings, and buried people alive.

Question 23

What aspects of Genghis Khan’s rule support a legacy as a progressive leader?

Answer 23

• Promoted art, trade (silk road) (good for economic survival),
  adapted a written language (Uyghur script)
  foreigners,
  cultural diffusions,
  difference in religion and practicing your religion (tax reliefs),
  treatment of women: let his wives and daughter rule while he was on military campaigns,
  created a legal code (general moral injunctions and laws) {proscribed punishments}
• All lead to Pax Mongolica

Question 24

In what ways did he favor Chinese ideas?

Answer 24

• He put in Chinese policies and traditions, made policies that benefitted the chinese,
  He restored the music and dance rituals that were such part of the Confucian ideology to integrate himself with Confucian China.
• Khubilai insisted on giving his second son, Jin Chin, a Chinese-style education.
• Khubilai adapted and borrowed many of the traditional governmental institutions of China.

Question 25

Yuan Dynasty Social Hierarchy

Answer 25

1. Mongols
2. Non-Chinese (Jurchans, Muslims, etc.)
3. Northern Chinese (Song)
4. Southern Chinese (Song)

Question 26

Why is Marco Polo’s account of the Yuan Dynasty significant?

Answer 26

• Because Marco Polo has written a book about the Yuan Dynasty during his travels with his father,
• gives us a better understanding of the life and the surroundings of the dynasty.
  {Even though there’s no proof of his information and if he actually “found” the Yuan Dynasty, if it is real, his book gave a lot of irrelevant information about the dynasty then}