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AP HUG 2022-23 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

place

A

A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character.

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2
Q

region

A

an area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics

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3
Q

scale

A

the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole

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4
Q

connection

A

relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

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5
Q

map

A

a two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth’s surface or a portion of it.

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6
Q

cartography

A

the science of mapmaking

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7
Q

global positioning system (gps)

A

a system that determines the precise position of something on earth

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8
Q

mental map

A

a personal representation of a portion of earth’s surface

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9
Q

geotagging

A

identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates

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10
Q

geographic information science (giscience)

A

analysis of data about earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies

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11
Q

geographic information system (gis)

A

a computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data to produce maps

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12
Q

remote sensing

A

the acquisition of data about earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting earth

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13
Q

volunteered geographic information (vgi)

A

the creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily by individuals

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14
Q

citizen science

A

scientific research by amateur scientists

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15
Q

participatory gis (pgis)

A

community-based mapping

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16
Q

mashup

A

a map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service

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17
Q

map scale

A

the relationship of a feature’s size on a map to its actual size on earth

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18
Q

projection

A

the scientific method of transferring locations on earth’s surface to a flat map

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19
Q

meridian

A

an arc drawn between the north and south poles

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20
Q

longitude

A

the distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian

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21
Q

parallel

A

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

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22
Q

latitude

A

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator.

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23
Q

prime meridian

A

the meridian that passes through 0 degrees longitude

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24
Q

greenwich mean time (gmt)

A

the time at the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude

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25
Q

international date line

A

the line of longitude that marks where each new day begins at 180 degrees longitude

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26
Q

toponym

A

the name given to a place on earth

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27
Q

site

A

the physical character of a place

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28
Q

situation

A

the location of a place relative to other places

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29
Q

cultural landscape

A

a combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation

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30
Q

formal region (uniform region)

A

an area within which everyone shares a common one or more distinctive characteristics

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31
Q

functional region (nodal region)

A

an area organized around a node or focal point

32
Q

vernacular region (perceptual region)

A

an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

33
Q

culture

A

the body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group’s distinct tradition

34
Q

spatial association

A

when the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature

35
Q

globalization

A

a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope

36
Q

transnational corporation

A

a company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located

37
Q

concentration

A

the extent of a feature’s spread over space

38
Q

pattern

A

the geometric arrangement of objects in space

39
Q

poststructuralist geography

A

how the powerful in a society dominate or seek to control less powerful groups

40
Q

humanistic geography

A

a branch of human geography that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meanings

41
Q

behavioral geography

A

the importance of understanding the phycological basis for individual human actions in a space

42
Q

uneven development

A

the increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy

43
Q

assimilation

A

the process of which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group

44
Q

acculturation

A

the process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups

45
Q

syncretism

A

the combination of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature

46
Q

multiculturalism

A

a condition in which ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life

47
Q

diffusion

A

the process by which a feature spreads across space from one place to another over time

48
Q

hearth

A

the region from which innovative ideas originate

49
Q

relocation diffusion

A

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another

50
Q

expansion diffusion

A

the spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process

51
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority to other persons or places

52
Q

contagious diffusion

A

the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population

53
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse

54
Q

distance decay

A

the effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction

55
Q

space-time compression

A

the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place.

56
Q

resource

A

a substance in the environment that is useful to people, economically and technologically feasible to access and socially acceptable to use

57
Q

sustainability

A

the use of earth’s resources in ways that ensure their availability in the future

58
Q

renewable resource

A

produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans

59
Q

nonrenewable resource

A

produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans

60
Q

preservation

A

the maintenance of resources in their present condition

61
Q

conservation

A

the sustainable use and management of earth’s natural resources to meet human needs such as food, medicine, and recreation

62
Q

biotic

A

living things

63
Q

abiotic

A

non-living things

64
Q

atmosphere

A

the envelope of gases surrounding the earth

65
Q

hydrosphere

A

all the water on or near the earth’s surface

66
Q

lithosphere

A

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

67
Q

biosphere

A

all living organisms on Earth

68
Q

climate

A

the long-term average weather condition at a particular location

69
Q

ecosystem

A

a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact with

70
Q

ecology

A

the scientific study of ecosystems

71
Q

cultural ecology

A

the geographic study of human-environment relationships

72
Q

environmental determinism

A

the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development

73
Q

possibilism

A

the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment

74
Q

polder

A

piece of land created by draining water from an area

75
Q

space

A

the physical gap or interval between two objects

AP HUG 2022-23 (1 decks)

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