Unit 1 Flashcards
What are Four advantages of animals being motile?
find food, shelter, mates, avoid predators
Term which describes animals having cells with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
eukaryotic
Some animals can store energy in the form of these two things
fat glycogen
Term for eggs and sperm
heterogametes
Term for animals that are permanently attached to a surface
sessile
Advantage of animals being sessile
low energy requirement
Mutualistic algae that live inside of coral, performing photosynthesis to help supplement nutrients for their host
zooxanthellae
A distinct juvenile form of many animals that undergo metamorphosis to become adults
larvae
Term for animals that move very little
sedentary
Process in which cells take on specific tasks and their own shapes; also known as cell specialization
differentiation
Biologists organize animal diversity into a nested hierarchy of groups within groups according to what kind of relationships?
evolutionary
The science of naming and grouping species
taxonomy
broad science which studies variation among animal populations to understand their evolutionary relationships; also known as comparative biology
systematics
All animals are members of this Kingdom
Animalia
Term which describes animals being made of many cells
multicellular
Term which describes animals having to consume other organisms to obtain energy and nutrients
heterotrophic
Before most animals can digest their food, they first must do this to it
ingest
Term for a cell having two sets of chromosomes
diploid
Term for animals that can move from place to place
motile
The first biologist to classify organisms according to their structural similarities
Aristotle
Swedish biologist who developed the hierarchy system for classifying organisms that is the basis for modern taxonomy today
Linnaeus
The comparative study of organismal form and structure
morphology
A category into which related organisms are placed, based upon structural similarities between organisms
taxon
The language used for the names of taxa, because it was the language of educated people and not an everyday language likely to change
Latin
Eight levels of taxa in order from largest to smallest
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Three other taxonomic ranks (prefixes) exist in addition to the basic eight taxa
super, sub, infra
A two-name naming system
binomial nomenclature
The first word of the scientific name
genus
The second word of the scientific name; also known as the specific epithet
species
Four ways to determine a species name
location where the organism was found, honor a person connected to the discovery, reference a unique body part or behavior, reflect the common names given to these animals by native people
How to write a scientific name
capitalize the genus but not the species, type the words in italics or underline them if handwritten
The process by which organisms change over a period of time
evolution
What type of organism do scientists think animals evolved from?
protist
Scientists hypothesize that animals first evolved in this type of environment
water
The evolutionary family tree which shows relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms
phylogenic tree
The reconstruction of evolutionary histories of animals using shared traits to represent evolutionary changes in organisms
cladistics
The evolutionary diagram uses shared derived characters to establish evolutionary relationships
cladogram
A tool that scientists use to determine the identity of items in the natural world; consists of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item
dichotomous key
Animals are divided into how many phyla?
34
A group of actually or potentially interbreeding organisms that is reproductively isolated from other such groups
Species
Term for new species discovered through DNA tests
cryptic
The scientific study of “hidden” animals
cryptozoology
