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Advanced Chemistry > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is chemistry?

A

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes

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2
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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3
Q

What is an atom?

A

Smallest amount of an element (ex. 1 gram of Copper)

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4
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Smallest amount of a compound (ex. 1 molecule of h20)

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5
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance composed of two or more elements

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6
Q

What are the four states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma

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7
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

An element or compound

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8
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A combination of two or more pure substances, or mixtures

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9
Q

What are components?

A

Pure substances within a mixture

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10
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

A mixture that is uniform throughout

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11
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

A mixture that is not uniform throughout

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12
Q

What is a solution?

A

Homogeneous mixture

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13
Q

What is a phase?

A

A distinctly different region within a mixture

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14
Q

What is separation by inspection?

A

Usually only works for solids

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15
Q

What is filtration?

A

Does not work for solutions / homogeneous mixtures

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16
Q

What is distillation?

A

The process of heating a liquid to the boiling point, condensing the heated vapor by cooling and returning either a portion of, or none of, the condensed vapors to the distillation vessel

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17
Q

What is centrifigation?

A

Spinning a serum / liquid so the heavier stuff goes to the bottom

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18
Q

What is chromatography?

A

works with polar and nonpolar molecules and a solvent is pushed through to separate them through polarity

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19
Q

What is a property?

A

A characteristic that allows one substance to be distingushed from another

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20
Q

What is a physical property?

A

a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance (color, melting point, boiling point etc)

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21
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

describes the way a substance may react to another (ex, flammability oxidation)

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22
Q

What is an intensive property?

A

a property that does not depend upon the amount of the substance (ex. temperature, density, boiling point)

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23
Q

What is an extensive property?

A

a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample (ex. mass, volume)

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24
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change in which the form or appearance changes, but no new substances are formed

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25
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

when a substance changes chemically into another substance

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26
Q

What is a change of state?

A

the physical change from one state of matter to another. all changes are physical

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27
Q

S to L

A

melting

28
Q

S to G

A

sublimation

29
Q

L to S

A

freezing

30
Q

L to G

A

vaporization / evaporation

31
Q

G to L

A

condensation

32
Q

G to S

A

vapor deposition

33
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

a measure that is reported without a number and unit (ex. the coffee is hot, the barbell is heavy)

34
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

a measurement reported with a number and a unit (ex. 13)

35
Q

k, 10^3

A

kilo

36
Q

d, 10^-1

A

deci

37
Q

c, 10^-2

A

centi

38
Q

m, 10^-3

A

milli

39
Q

u, 10^-6

A

micro

40
Q

n, 10^-9

A

nano

41
Q

How to use prefixes?

A

Start with the prefix unit on the left and the base unit on the right

42
Q

What is accuracy?

A

how close a measurement is to the true value

43
Q

What is precision?

A

how close a series of measurements are to one another (repeatability)

44
Q

What is a random error?

A

left and right of true value, no repeatability

45
Q

What is a systematic error?

A

a consistent difference between the measured values and true values

46
Q

What is a certain digit?

A

The numbers read from a measuring instrument

47
Q

What is an uncertain digit?

A

a digit that must be estimated

48
Q

What are significant digits?

A

all certain + one uncertain, also called significant figures or sig figs

49
Q

How do you read a graduated cylinder?

A

bottom of the meniscus

50
Q

Rule #1 for sig figs

A

non-zero numbers are significant (ex. 63.5 = 3 sig figs)

51
Q

rule #2 for sig figs

A

zeros between nonzero digits are significant (ex. 1001 = 4 sig figs)

52
Q

rules #3 for sig figs

A

Zeros at the beginning of a number are never significant (ex. 0.00506 = 3 sig figs)

53
Q

rule #4 for sig figs

A

Zeros that appear to the right of a nonzero number in a measurement that has a decimal point are always significant (ex. 105.00 = 5 sig figs)

54
Q

rule #5 for sig figs

A

When a number ends in zeros, but has no decimal point, the zeros are not significant (ex. 1000 = 1 sig fig)

55
Q

What are two situations in which the number has an unlimited amount of sig figs?

A

A counting number (ex. 19 students, 40 pennies) and a defined number (ex. 60 seconds in 1 minute)

56
Q

When doing word problems, what do you start with?

A

What’s not a question

57
Q

Mass =

A

density x volume

58
Q

volume =

A

mass/density

59
Q

density =

A

mass / volume

60
Q

density of h2o

A

1 g/mL

61
Q

Boiling point of h2o

A

100 degrees Celcius

62
Q

Freezing H2O

A

0 degrees C

63
Q

Tf = (1.8) x (Tc) + 32

A

Celcius to Farenheit

64
Q

Tc = (Tf - 32) / 1.8

A

Farenheit to Celcius

65
Q

Tc = Tk - 273

A

Kelvin to Celcius

66
Q

Tk = Tc + 273

A

Celcius to Kelvin

Advanced Chemistry (2 decks)

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