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APES > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Biome

A

Large, relatively distinct terrestrial region with similar climate, soil, plants, and animals REGARDLESS OF WHERE IT OCCURS IN THE WORLD (nine major)

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2
Q

Biome Location

A

Determined by temperature (based on latitude and elevation), precipitation, and plant adaptations within the region

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3
Q

Tundra

A

Treeless biome in the far north with harsh, cold winters and extremely short summers

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4
Q

Permafrost

A

impermeable, permanently frozen layer of soil; found in tundras

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5
Q

Tundra effects

A

Nutrient poor, low species richness, low primary productivity

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6
Q

Boreal Forests

A

Region of coniferous forests in the northern hemisphere (just south of tundra)

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7
Q

Boreal - climate

A

Growing season is slightly longer than tundra; Very little precipitation, fairly cold throughout the year

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8
Q

Boreal - characteristics

A

Mineral poor, acidic soil; vegetation has drought resistant conifers; Small animals and migrating birds (some large animals are present)

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9
Q

Temperate Rainforest

A

Coniferous biome with cool weather, dense fog and high precipitation

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10
Q

Temperature Rainforest - Climate

A

Lots of precipitation (heaviest in winter); temperature: winters are mild and summers are cool

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11
Q

Temperate Rainforest - characteristics

A

Soils are nutrient-poor, but high in organic material; lots of vegetation (evergreen forests); High species richness

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12
Q

Flows/Processes

A

Move matter from one reservoir to another

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13
Q

Reservoir

A

Hold matter until flow or process occurs

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14
Q

Residence Time

A

How long the matter remains in that part of the cycle

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15
Q

Open system

A

Input –> Output (Earth in terms of matter)

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16
Q

Closed sytem

A

No input and no output (Earth in terms of energy)

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17
Q

Closed sytem

A

No input and no output (Earth in terms of matter)

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18
Q

Biogeochemical cycles

A

Cycled via energy being transferred within the spheres of the earth

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19
Q

Biogeochemical cycles

A

Cycled via energy being transferred within the spheres of the earth

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20
Q

Water Cycle

A

6 Processes and 6 Reservoirs

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21
Q

Precipitation

A

Atmosphere –> Surface

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22
Q

Infiltration

A

Surface –> Groundwater

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23
Q

Runoff

A

Surface –> Ocean

24
Q

Transpiration

A

Biomass –> Atmosphere

25
Q

Evaporation

A

Surface –> Atmosphere

26
Q

Condensation

A

Atmosphere –> Atmosphere (liquid)

27
Q

Carbon Cycle

A

7 Processes and 7 Reservoirs

28
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Atmosphere –> Biomass

29
Q

Erosion/Sedimentation

A

Earth’s Crust –> Oceans –> Earth’s Crust

30
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

Complex Life –> Atmosphere

31
Q

Decomposition

A

Animals/Plants –> Earth’s Crust

32
Q

Diffusion

A

Ocean –> Atmosphere –> Ocean

33
Q

Emissions

A

Earth’s Crust –> Atmosphere

34
Q

Combustion

A

Fossil Fuels –> Atmosphere

35
Q

Nitrogen Cycle

A

5 Processes and 6 Sinks

36
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

Atmosphere (N2) –> Soil as Ammonia

37
Q

Uptake

A

Soil as Nitrate –> Autrotrophs

38
Q

Nitrification

A

Soil as Ammonia –> Nitrite in Soil –> Nitrate in Soil

39
Q

Ammonification

A

Decomp Matter –> Soil as Ammonia

40
Q

Denitrification

A

Nitrate in Soil –> Atmosphere

41
Q

Mineralization

A

Process by which fungal and bacterial decomposers break down the organic matter found in dead bodies and waste products and convert it to inorganic compounds

42
Q

Leaching

A

Transportation of dissolved molecules through the soil via groundwater

43
Q

Phosphorus Cycle

A

5 Processes and 5 Reservoirs

44
Q

Decomposition

A

Earth’s Crust –> Animals/Plants

45
Q

Uptake

A

Earth’s Crust –> Animals/Plants

46
Q

Leaching/Runoff

A

Earth’s crust –> Oceans

47
Q

Weathering

A

Rocks –> Earth’s Crush

48
Q

Sedimentation

A

Ocean –> Ocean Sediments

49
Q

Eutrophication

A

Algae growth encouraged by fertilizers that disrupt aquatic ecosystems

50
Q

Sulfur Cycle

A

3 Processes and 2 Reservoirs

51
Q

Deposition

A

Atmosphere –> Earth’s Crust

52
Q

Eruption

A

Earth’s Crust –> Atmosphere

53
Q

Combustion

A

Earth’s Crust –> Atmosphere

54
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

System returns to its original state

55
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

Change in system amplifies

APES (1 decks)

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