Unit 1 Flashcards
Psychology
Science, that studies, behavior and mental activity
Behavior
Refers to observable actions
Mental Activity
How we perceive the world by receiving and interpreting information from our senses
Brain/Physiological
How we process and respond to information
Pseudo psychology
Attempts to make predictions( Usually False)
Nature Vs Nurture
Nature- Genetics/Hereditary
Nurture- Environmental/Experience
Schools Of Thought
Evolutionary psychology, psychoanalytic Theory, behaviorism, humanistic psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience
Evolutionary psychology
Natural selection shapes us behaviorally and mentally as well as physically survival of the fittest
Psychoanalytic theory
The unconscious contain thoughts, memories and urges were not aware of
Behaviorism
Psychology should study only observable behaviors
Humanistic psychology
Humans are unique, rational, and have freedom to choose behaviors. That makes them happy.
Cognitive psychology
The mind is an active problem-solving system goals to understand how cognition influences behavior
Cognitive neuroscience
Human an animal behavior, thoughts and feelings can be understood through discussion of physiological structures and biological processes
Sociocultural perspective
The most recent approach emphasizes the importance of variables, like culture, ethnicity , and gender
Positive psychology
Focus on positive adaptive, and fulfilling human experiences
The ultimate goal
A Useful Theory
Scientific method
Focus on a theory form a hypothesis test, the hypothesis analyze your data and publish the findings
Psychological research
Descriptive method, correlational method experimental methods
Descriptive research
Observational studies, self-report case studies
Correlational research
Studies the degree of association between two or more variables correlation does not prove causation
Correlation coefficient
A numerical index of the statistical relationship between two variables, number indicates the strength of the relationship, and the sign indicate the direction of the relationship
Experimental research
Can determine cause a research method where the investigator manipulates a verbal under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether change occurs
Placebo effect
Phenomenon in which participants expectations lead them to experience some change
Social desirability bias
The tendency of participants to provide socially approved answers
Volunteer bias
Volunteers can be different from the population
Ethical issues
Privacy confidentiality, informed, consent, deception, and risks
Animal research
The APA states that no harmful procedures may be done and all animals must have decent living conditions
Statistics
Mathematics used to organize summarize and interpret numerical data
Normal distribution
A symmetrical curve
Skewed distribution
Positive or negative skew
Range
Difference between highest and lowest values
