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APES > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

ecology

A

the study of connections in nature between biotic and abiotic components

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2
Q

organism

A

an individual living being

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3
Q

population

A

group of individuals of the same species living in a particular place

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4
Q

community

A

populations of different species living in a particular place, and potentially interacting with each other

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5
Q

ecosystem

A

community of different species interacting with one another and with their nonliving environment of matter and energy

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6
Q

biosphere

A

parts of the earths air, water, and soil where life is found

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7
Q

what are the levels of organization in ecology?

A

1.organism
2.populations
3.community
4.ecosystem
5.biosphere

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8
Q

what 3 factors sustain life on earth?

A
  1. one way flow of high quality energy
  2. round trip cycling of mater or nutrients through the biosphere
  3. gravity
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9
Q

biotic

A

living/once-living

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10
Q

abiotic

A

non-living

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11
Q

mutualism

A

both organisms benefit

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12
Q

commensalism

A

one organism benefits while the other has no effect

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13
Q

parasitism

A

one organism benefits while the other is harmed

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14
Q

predator

A

organism that eat/hunt another organism

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15
Q

prey

A

organism that is being hunted

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16
Q

niche

A

a specie’s role in it environment

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17
Q

resource partitioning

A

species avoid competition by dividing use of resources. competition can have negative impacts on survival, so animals want to avoid it

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18
Q

competitive exclusion principle

A

if competition is present, species will be excluded from niches they might otherwise be able to inhabit

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19
Q

fundamental niche

A

possible niche

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20
Q

realized niche

A

actual niche with competition

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21
Q

taiga/boreal forest

A

connifer trees, wolves, moose and beavers

wet and cold

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22
Q

temperate rainforest

A

redwoods, ferns, and mosses

warm and wet

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23
Q

temperate seasonal forest

A

deciduous trees, shrubs, flowers, deer, squirrel, and songbirds

warm/moderate

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24
Q

tropical rainforest

A

broadleaf trees, ferns, vines, flowers, primates, cats, snakes, birds, and insects

hot and wet

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25
Q

shrubland/chaparral

A

small shrubs, reptiles, deer, rabbits, and squirrels

hot and dry summers with mild and rainy winters

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26
Q

temperate grassland/prairie

A

grasses, scattered trees, and hoofed animals

warm/moderate

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27
Q

savanna

A

grasses, scattered trees, and hoofed animals

warm and has wet and dry seasons

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28
Q

desert

A

cacti, succulents, insects, scorpions, and reptiles

hot and dry

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29
Q

tundra

A

lichens, mosses, short grasses, ox, caribou, and shorebirds

cold and dry

30
Q

open ocean

A

phytoplankton, large fish, and mammals

31
Q

coral reefs

A

highest biodiversity in the ocean

coral and algae, fish, reptiles, and birds

32
Q

salt marsh/estuary

A

mangrove trees, seagrasses, mollusks, crustaceans, baby fish, and birds

33
Q

wetland/swamp

A

baby birds, fish, insects, and emergent plants/trees

34
Q

streams

A

very small fish, pollution intolerant, macro invertebrate indicator species

35
Q

rivers

A

snails, turtles, frogs, birds, alligators, beavers, otters

dump into larger bodies of water

36
Q

ponds/freshwater lakes

A

various fish, plants, turtles, frogs and algae

37
Q

what determines a biome?

A

temperature and precipitation

38
Q

biogeochemical cycles

A

compounds that make up nutrients move continually through air, water, soil, rock, and living organisms in ecosystems and in the biosphere in cycles

39
Q

carbon cycle

A

movement of atoms and molecules containing carbon between sources and sinks

40
Q

sources

A

origins of an element

41
Q

sinks

A

where an element is released

42
Q

carbon is…

A

the element of life

43
Q

photosynthesis

A

process by which plants use sunlight, water and CO2 to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar

44
Q

chemosynthesis

A

process of synthesizing food by utilizing energy released in the oxidation of some inorganic substances

45
Q

cellular respiration

A

reverse of photosynthesis

46
Q

nitrogen cycle

A

movement of atoms and molecules containing nitrogen between sources and sinks

47
Q

phosphorous cycle

A

movement of atoms and molecules containing phosphorous between sources and sinks

48
Q

groundwater

A

precipitation infiltrates the ground and is stored in soil and rock

49
Q

surface runoff

A

water that does not sink into the ground or evaporate into the air runs off into bodies of water

50
Q

watershed

A

the land area that delivers runoff, sediment, and any dissolved substances to a stream

51
Q

aquifer

A

underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock through which groundwater flows

52
Q

water table

A

the level below which the ground is saturated

53
Q

unconfined aquifer

A

permeable water table

54
Q

confined water table

A

bounded above and below by less permeable beds of rock where the water is confined under pressure

55
Q

artesian well

A

pressure from the confined aquifer pushes water up at a location without a pump

56
Q

primary productivity

A

rate at which solar energy is converted into organic compounds via photosynthesis over a unit of time

57
Q

Gross primary productivity GPP

A

total rate of photosynthesis in a given area

58
Q

net primary productivity NPP

A

rate of energy storage by photosynthesizers in an area after subtracting energy lost to respiration

59
Q

nutrients

A

any compound required by an organism to live, grow and reproduce

60
Q

producers/autotrophs

A

organisms that can produce their own energy through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

61
Q

omnivore

A

may eat plants or animals

62
Q

consumer/heterotroph

A

organisms that can only obtain energy by eating other organisms

63
Q

decomposers

A

breaks down organic matter to inorganic compounds

64
Q

primary consumer

A

only eats producers

65
Q

dertitivore

A

break down organisms and feces to smaller organic molecules

66
Q

carnivore

A

only eats animals

67
Q

secondary consumer

A

3rd level in a food chain

68
Q

potential energy

A

stored energy

69
Q

kinetic energy

A

moving energy with mass and velocity

70
Q

the increases of entropy

A

energy quality always decreases
when energy changes form, it is always degraded to a more dispersed form

APES (1 decks)

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