Unit 1 Flashcards
Spatial Patterns
General arrangements of things being studied and the repeated sequences of events, or processes, that create them
Scale
The ratio between the size of things in the real world and the size of those same things on the map.
Cartographic/Geographic Scale
the way the map communicates the ratio of its size to the size of what it represent
Small-Scale Map
shows a larger amount of area with less detail
Large-Scale Map
shows a smaller amount of area with a greater amount of detail
Spatial patterns can be described in a variety of way utilizing important geographic tools
location, direction, distance, elevation, or distribution pattern.
Four-Level Analysis
Level 1 - What? Where? When? Scale?
Level 2 - Pattern Identification
Level 3
Why there?
How did it get there?
Level 4 Prediction
So what?
What if
Impacts
Effects
Relative Location
a description of where something is in relation to other things. It is often described in terms of Connectivity and accessibility.
Connectivity
How well two locations are tied together by roads or other links
Accessibility
How quickly and easily people in one location can interact with people in another location.
Absolute Distance
usually measured in terms of feet, miles, meters or kilometers.
Relative Distance
indicates the degree of nearness based on time or money and is often dependent on the mode of travel.
Pattern Distribution
the way a phenomenon is spread out over an area
Pattern
the general arrangement of things regarding the distribution of phenomena across space.
This gives geographers clues about the causes or effects of the distribution
geospatial revolution
gather data through technical mapping and via satellites or aerial photos. visiting places, interviewing people, or observing events in the field.
Landscape Analysis
The task of defining and describing landscapes
fieldwork.
Field Observations are used to refer to the act of physically visiting a location, place, or region and recording, firsthand, spatial data. This is called
Remote sensing:
gathers information from satellites that orbit the earth or other craft above the atmosphere
Aerial Photography
professional images captured from planes within the atmosphere
Geospatial Data
all data that can be tied to a place
Types of Geospatial Data:
Quantitative
Qualitative
What are the effects of decisions made using geographical information?
misusing it can lead people to draw inaccurate conclusions
Geovisualizations
are what allow people to see data in ways they were previously impossible. Geographers are now able to zoom in or out to see data with such tools as Google earth, ESRI 3D GIS, OpenStreetMap, or the COVID-19 map
water shortages, potential famine, or rising conflicts.
Geographers can use geospatial data tools to identify problems that exist in our world such as
Historians
look through lens of time to understand the past
Geographers
ook through the lens of space to understand place.
Space
is the area between two or more phenomena or things. Space is the heart of geography and geographers are intensely interested in how space is arranged, used, and reflected in people’s attitudes and beliefs.
Location
identifies where specific phenomena are located on a grid system or relative to another location.
Place
refers to the specific human and physical characteristics of a location. A group of places in the same are that share a characteristic form a region
Sense of Place.
Describe the site Georgetown’s square
The characteristics you have identified in the place gives Georgetown its
Placelessness.
Those that are from Georgetown may have described it differently than those not from Georgetown. When a place inspires no strong emotional ties in people or lack uniqueness, it has
Toponyms
Place names that provide insight into the physical geography, history, or culture of the location.
Spatial interaction
is the contact, movement, and flow of things between location.
Flow
refers to the patterns and movement of ideas, people, products, and other phenomena.
Friction of distance
indicates that when things are farther apart, they tend to be less connected
Distance Decay
is the relationship between distance and connection
Declining Influence of Distance
is a concept where accessibility and remoteness is changing. The world is more spatially connected than ever before in history due to the internet and transportation infrastructures.
Patterns
the general arrangement of things being studied, adn geographers must be able to describe patterns accurately and with precision.
distribution
Geographers often use the concept of , that way a phenomenon is spread out or arranged over an area to describe patterns
spatial association
Matching patterns of distribution is called and indicates that two (or more) phenomena may be related or associated with one another.
human-environmental interaction
n be understood through the geographic concepts of:
Natural Resources,
Sustainability,
And Land Use
Cultural Landscape.
The built environment is the physical artifacts that humans have created and that form part of the landscape. This is considered the
sense of place.
Architecture varies from place to place adding to a specific location’s
Scale of Analysis
he area of the world being studied
Geographers use different scales of analysis as a framework for understanding how events and processes influence one another
Geographers’ understanding of scale drives their research questions and data collection, and their findings then inform policy makers, hopefully to make better decisions.
Aggregation
After data is collected, it is aggregated. Aggregation is when geographers organize data into different scales such as by census tract, city, county, or country. This is what allows the data to be more easily mapped or organized in a chart or graph.
Quantitative
is measurable by number- definitive (ice cores, population of a city) Quantitative gives credibility to studies
Qualitative
is more subjective- Interpretations of data sources. It is based on quality of something, rather than the amount of something- Interpretations of data sources. (How much does the temperature change affect daily human activity, field observations, media reports, travel narratives) Qualitative is what is used to help solve the problem
Local scale -
quality of life for individuals
National scale
average quality of life in China
Regional scale
How powerful is China in their region? E/SE Asia - who is the hegemonic power here?
Global scale
How powerful is China Globally/ this will impact their ability to influence the global market
Vernacular or Perceptual Region
is a geographic area that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants, based on the widespread acceptance and use of a unique regional name
