unit 1

Question 1

dehydration synthesis

Answer 1

removing a molecule of water to link monomers to create polymers

Question 2

Hydrolysis

Answer 2

Adding a water molecule to a polymer to break it up creating monomers

Question 3

Macromolecules include:

Answer 3

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Fats, Protiens, & Nucliec Acids

Question 4

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

contains: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
covalent bonds: glycosidic linkage
function: primary energy source
monomer: monosaccharides
include: sugars, starch, glycogen
structure: ring shaped

Question 5

Lipids

Answer 5

elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
function: store energy
monomer: fatty acid
include: butter, steroids, oil, fat
non polar - hydrophobic

Question 6

Proteins

Answer 6

elements: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, R-groups( groups of elements that dictate the function)
monomer: amino acids
covalent bond
function: provide structure to the body, metabolic reactions, antibodies, hormones, storage

Question 7

nucleic acids

Answer 7

elements: 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base( adonis, thymine, uracil, cytosine, guanine)
function: store/ transfer biological information
monomer: nucleotide
hydrogen bonds

Question 8

monosaccharides

Answer 8

monomers of carbohydrates, have various molecular formulas that dictate function

Question 9

cellulose

Answer 9

used mainly in plants, major components of the tough wall of plant cells

Question 10

primary structure

Answer 10

linear sequence
amino acids linked together
linked by peptide bonds

Question 11

secondary structure

Answer 11

peptide bond: carbon attached with oxygen, nitrogen connected with hydrogen
folds with hydrogen bonds either creating an alpha helix or beta sheet

Question 12

secondary structure: alpha helix

Answer 12

most common, spiral shape, R groups are on the outside. stabilized with hydrogen bonds, all peptide bonds use hydrogen bonding except for the first and the last,

Question 13

secondary structure: Beta sheet

Answer 13

hydrogen bonding between same or different polypeptides
anti parallel, or parallel

Question 14

Tertiary Structure

Answer 14

arrangement of protein in 3D space
the alpha helixes and beta sheets fold together

Question 15

quaternary structure

Answer 15

multiple tertiary structures coming together
most proteins in cells have are eventually made up of the quaternary structure