Unit 1 Flashcards
Toward the head or upper part of a structure; above
Superior
Away from the head or lower part of a structure; below
Inferior
Towards the front of the body; in front of
Anterior
Towards the back of the body; behind
Posterior
Away from the midline
Lateral
Towards the midline
Medial
Between
Intermediate
Close to; “The scapula is close to the humerus”
Proximal
Far from; “ The wrist is far from the elbow”
Distal
Towards the body surface
Superficial or External
Away from the body surface
Deep or Internal
On opposite sides
Contralateral
On the same side
Ipsilateral
Movement of a limb or part AWAY from the median line or middle of the body
Abduction
Movement of a limb or part TOWARDS the median line or middle of the body
Adduction
Next to, adjoining, or close. “The tongue is close to the teeth”
Adjacent
Pertaining to the tail end of the body, or denoting a position more towards the tail or rear of the body that another reference.
Caudal
Pertaining to or situated near the proximal areas of the body or a structure; opposite of the peripheral.
Central
Pertaining to the cranium or head of the body or denoting a position more towards the cranium or head end of the body than another reference.
Cranial
Situated away from the surface of the body or a structure; opposite of the superficial.
Deep
Pertaining to the back area of a quadruped or denoting a position more towards the spine than another reference point.
Dorsal
The act of straightening, such as a joint; also, the act of pulling two component parts apart to lengthen the whole part.
Extension
The act of bending, such as a joint.
Flexion
At an angle or pertaining to an angle.
Oblique
Pertains to the caudal surface of the front foot distal to the antebrachiocarpal joint; also pertains to the under surface of the front foot
Palmar
the outer most part, or surface of an organ.
Peripheral
Pertains to the caudal surface of the back foot distal to the tarsocrural joint; also pertains for the under surface of the rear foot.
Plantar
Lying face down, in ventral recumbent. It is the act of turning the body or leg so the ventral aspect is down.
Prone or pronation
Lying down; a modifying term is needed to describe. The surface on which the animal is lying.
Recumbent
Pertaining to the nose end of the head or body, or towards the nose.
Rostral
Lying face up, dorsal recumbent. is the act of turning the body or a leg so that the ventral aspect is uppermost.
Supine or Supination
Pertaining to the underside of a quadruped, or denoting a position more towards the abdomen that another reference point.
Ventral
Towards the cheek; tooth surface towards the cheek.
Buccal
Pertaining to the tongue; tooth surface towards the tongue.
Lingual
Tooth surface facing an adjacent or apposition tooth.
Contact
Tooth surface closest to the midline of the dental arcade.
Mesial
The chewing or biting surface of teeth; towards the plane between the mandibular and maxillary teeth
Occlusal
Towards the lips; tooth surface towards the lips.
Labial
Located in front limbs
Cephalic
Located on neck
Jugular
Located on back legs
Saphenous
Hold off or restrict blood flow
Occlude
