Unit 1 Flashcards
Black Death
A bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Western Eurasia and Northern Africa from 1346 to 1353
Hundred Years’ War
A series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages, originating from disputed claims to the French throne
Renaissance
The revival of art and literature under the influence of Greco-Romanian classical models
Humanism
An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human beings rather than divine or supernatural matters
Secularism
The principle of separation of the state from religious institutions
Individualism
A social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control
Italian City-States
Numerous political and independent territorial entities that existed in the Italian Peninsula from the beginning of the Middle Ages to 1861
Civic humanism
A form of classical republicanism that involves a fusion of participatory political engagement with classical learning as revive in the Renaissance
Niccolo Machiavelli (The Prince)
Italian diplomat, author, philosopher, and historian during the Renaissance who believed in the importance of being a good leader being in one’s ability to compromise on morals
Leonardo Bruni
Italian humanist, historian, and statesman, recognized as the most important humanist historian of the early Renaissance
Lorenzo Valla
Humanist, rhetorician, educator, scholar, and Catholic priest from the Renaissance, best known for historical-critical analysis of the papacy
Pico della Mirandola (Oration on the Dignity of Man)
Nobleman and philosopher from the Renaissance, famous for writing a speech that is an emblematic expression of the values of the Renaissance
Naturalism
[in art] refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting
Leonardo da Vinci
Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, engineer, scientist, theorist, and architect
Michaelangelo
Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance
Donatello
Italian sculptor of the Renaissance period; studied classical sculpture and used this to develop a complete Renaissance style
Raphael
Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance; his work is admired for its clarity of form, easy of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur
Vernacular
A common language understood by people of the area/region.
Petrarch
Scholar and poet of early Renaissance Italy and one of the earliest humanists
Johannesburg Gutenberg
German inventor, printer, publisher, and goldsmith who introduced printing to Europe with his mechanical movable-type printing press
Neoplatonism
A philosophical and religious system that analyzes and teaches interpretations of the philosophy and theology of Plato
Hermeticism
A philosophical system that is primarily based on the purported teachings of Hermes Trismegistus
Pantheism
A doctrine which identifies God with the universe, or regards the universe as a manifestation of God
