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IT > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the effective communication method between ships before radio communication, what was the downfall of this

A

Morse code, data could not be successfully stored unless written down and it was mechanically operated which is very slow

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2
Q

What are numbers represented in the decimal number system

A

Probably because we have ten fingers and basic calculations could be done using our fingers before calculators were invented

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3
Q

What is the decimal number system

A

Base 10

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4
Q

What Is the octal number system

A

Base 8

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5
Q

What is the binary number system

A

Base 2

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6
Q

What is the hexadecimal number system

A

Base 16

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7
Q

What is bit an abbreviation for

A

BInary digit

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8
Q

What is the smallest unit of storage

A

A bit

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9
Q

What does a bit contain give examples

A

One value, either a:
0 or 1

Which can represent a:
False or true
Off or on

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10
Q

What is a byte

A

A group of 8 bits

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11
Q

How much is one kilobyte worth

A

1024 bytes

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12
Q

How much is one megabyte worth

A

1024 kilobytes

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13
Q

How much is one gigabyte worth

A

1024 megabytes

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14
Q

How much is one terabyte worth

A

1024 gigabytes

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15
Q

How much is 1 petabyte worth

A

1024 terabytes

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16
Q

What is the order of prefixes

A

Kilo, mega, giga, tera, peta

17
Q

What is a word size

A

The number of bits that a computer’s CPU can process at once. Older computers use 32 bits and newer ones 64 bits

18
Q

How do we calculate the largest number a certain amount of unsigned bits can represent

A

2^n -1 where n is the number of bits

19
Q

What is a the smaller number a certain amount of unsigned bits can represent

A

0

20
Q

How do we represent sign and size of a number

A
  1. Convert to decimal to binary
  2. Add extra bits to make up to 8 bits
  3. Add a 1 to the first to show the number is negative OR 0 to the first to show the number is positive
21
Q

How do you represent 2s compliment of a number

A
  1. Convert decimal to binary
  2. Add extra bits to make up 8 bits
  3. If positive leave answer as is, but if negative change every 1 to 0 and 0 to 1.
  4. Add 1 to the number
22
Q

How do you calculate the largest number a certain number of signed bits can represent

A

2^(n-1) -1

23
Q

How do you calculate the smallest number a certain number of signed can represent

A

-2^(n-1)

24
Q

How do you calculate overflow in unsigned bits

A
  1. calculate the largest number the amount of bits can represent
  2. Subtract that number from the number you want to represent in overflow.
  3. Represent the difference as binary in those bits
25
Q

How is an IPv4 address written

A

32-bit numeric address: 4 decimal numbers (8 bit each) separated by fullstops

26
Q

How is an IPv6 address written

A

128 bit address: 6 hexadecimal numbers separated by colons

27
Q

How do we calculate the number of combinations possible form n bits

A

2^n

28
Q

What does MAC stand for

A

Media access control

29
Q

What is a MAC

A

A media access control of a device provides a unique identifier assigned to its network interface card. It is like an ID number and is guaranteed to be unique within the network it is used. Typically it consists of six groups of two hexadecimal digits separated by hyphens, colons, or no separator.

30
Q

Where is the MAC address stored

A

I’m firmware or a ROM on the device

31
Q

How many combinations of MAC addresses are there

A

16^12

32
Q

What is a pixel

A

A picture element that is the smallest programmable colour unit on a computer display.

33
Q

How many buts in each pixel

A

8,10 or 16 bits of colour per pixel in old computers and 24 bits of colour for each pixel in modern computers

34
Q

What primary colours are represented in a pixel

A

RGB: red green blue

35
Q

What is the number of possible colours for each pixel

A

2^8 x 2^8 x 2^8 = 2^24 = 16.7 million colours

IT (8 decks)

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