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btec ict > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are multifunctional devices?

A

Devices that can perform multiple functions like inputting AND outputting data e.g. Touchscreen .devices

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2
Q

What are personal computers?

A

Small inexpensive computers for use by individual users e.g. Desktops and laptops.

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3
Q

What are mobile devices?

A

Devices that are very portable and mobile e.g. smartphones and tablets.

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4
Q

What are servers?

A

Powerful computers that provide services to other computers connected to a network e.g. mail server that provides email services.

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5
Q

What are entertainment systems?

A

Devices for watching TV/Films or playing video games e.g. videogames consoles or MP3 Players.

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6
Q

What are digital cameras?

A

They capture images and videos digitally using a sensor and store them on drives such as SD card or a hard drive e.g. Still and video cameras.

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7
Q

What are navigation systems?

A

They use the Global Position Satellite to locate the user’s exact location and take them to their designated location.

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8
Q

What are communication devices & systems?

A

Devices that can receive and send analogue or data to and from another device e.g. Routers.

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9
Q

What are data capture and collection systems?

A

Devices that collect and input data through automated systems rather than direct data entry e.g. Barcode scanners

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10
Q

What are the uses of digital devices?

A 
Education and training
Personal
Social
Retail
Creative Use
Organizational Use
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11
Q

Name input devices:

A 
Keyboard
Mouse
Graphics Tablet
Scanner
Microphone
Webcam
Sensor
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12
Q

Name output devices:

A 
Monitor
Projector
Printer
Speaker
Plotter
Headphones
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13
Q

Name accessibility devices:

A 
Trackball
Touch screen
Larger keyboard
Eye motion tracker
Braille embosser
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14
Q

Name automatic data processers/devices:

A

Barcode readers
Fingerprint readers
Smart meters
Radio frequency identification

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15
Q

Name manual data processors/devices

A

Keying client or product details into a system
Entering customer’s meal choices into a restaurant
Marking exam scripts
Entering survey responses from a form

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16
Q

What does HDD stand for and its properties?

A 
Hard Disk Drive:
Large storage capacity
Very reliable
Low cost per byte
Slower than SSDs
Not as portable as other options
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17
Q

What does SSD stand for and its properties?

A 
Solid State Drive:
Very fast read/write speeds
Lower power consumption
Extremely reliable
Higher cost
Usually have a lower storage capacity
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18
Q

What does SD card stand for and its properties?

A

Secure Digital:
Very small and portable
Small storage capacity
Large storage capacity can be costly

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19
Q

What does USB stand for and its properties?

A 
Universal Serial Bus:
Extremely portable
Compatible with nearly all devices
Can be easily lost
Lower storage capacity compared to SSD and HDD
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20
Q

What are the properties of Optical Disks?

A

CDs, DvDs, BluRay Disks:
Small and portable
Fragile and easy to damage
Compatible with nearly all devices

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21
Q

What are the properties of magnetic tape?

A

Very large storage capacity
Very cheap on a per byte basis
Slow access to data
Requires specialist equipment to access

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22
Q

What does RTOS stand for and its properties?

A

Real-Time Operating System:
Provides fast responses
Best used where inputs must be responded to immediately like Air traffic control or traffic lights

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23
Q

What are the properties of Single User Single Task operating systems?

A

Requires fewer responses

Best used on devices that have limited processing and memory such as basic mobile phones

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24
Q

What are the properties of Single User Multi-Tasking operating systems?

A

Allows the user to use several applications at once

Best used where a user needs to quickly switch between using applications e.g. Smartphones or a PC

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25
Q

What are the properties of Multi-User operating systems?

A

Processing and resources can be shared my multiple users

Best used where many users need access to the same resources e.g. Web servers

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26
Q

What are the factors affecting operating system performance?

A 
Limited RAM
Limited CPU
Number of Cores
Slow Hard Disk
Viruses (Spyware, Malware)
Heavy Use of Virtual Memory
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27
Q

What are 5 roles of the operating system?

A 
Networking
Security
Memory Management
Multitasking
Device Drivers
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28
Q

What does CLI stand for and its properties?

A

Command Line Interface:
Experienced Users find it quicker to complete tasks
Requires far less memory
Requires knowledge of specific functions

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29
Q

What does GUI stand for and its properties?

A 
Graphical User Interface:
Simple and easy to use for beginners
No knowledge of commands needed
Often resource intensive
Less useful for more experienced users
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30
Q

What are the properties of menu-based interfaces?

A

Limited options makes it easier to use
Can figure out tasks without any instruction
Performing tasks can be slower

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31
Q

What are 3 disk utilities?

A

File Compressors
Backup
File defragmenters

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32
Q

What are 2 network utilities?

A

Firewalls

Antivirus

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33
Q

What is file compression?

A

2 types of compression, lossy and lossless
Lossy: File size decreased but some quality loss
Lossless: File size decreased but no quality loss

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34
Q

What is backup utilities?

A

2 types of backup, full backup and incremental
Full: Everything is backed up, takes longer.
Incremental: Only files that have been changed are backed up, takes less time.

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35
Q

What are file defragmenters?

A

Defragmentation is putting all the files on the hard drive back into one area and putting all the empty space into one area.

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36
Q

What are firewalls?

A

Firewalls are physical hardware or software that have a list of blacklisted IPs they don’t allow the network to receive any packets from the blocked IP addresses as they could be harmful to the system.

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37
Q

What is Antivirus software?

A

Antivirus software has a list of all the knows viruses, and it constantly scans for these and when it detects the files of a virus it terminates the files from the PC.

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38
Q

What are the 2 types of software?

A

Open Source, Proprietary (Closed Source)

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39
Q

What are the properties of open source software?

A

Most open source software is free to use
Support and fixes are often provided by the community
May be indirect costs in paying for support and training
Support with fast response isn’t always available

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40
Q

What are the properties of proprietary software?

A

Support is provided by the software creators
May have more features than the open source software
Software company may be slow to fix bugs and glitches
Can be costly
Software is usually generic with little room for customization

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41
Q

What should you consider when choosing software?

A

Ease of use
Reliability
Capacity - Software can do the job it’s required

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42
Q

When looking at performance of software what should you consider?

A

Maturity of the software - Stable versions of the software can be more efficient
Support or dedicated hardware for complicated tasks
Interoperability - Interface with other devices or systems

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43
Q

What are some emerging technologies?

A

Artificial Intelligence
Biometrics
Robotics
Virtual Reality

44
Q

What are the factors of choosing an IT system?

A 
User experience and needs
Specification, compatibility and connectivity
Cost
Efficiency and productivity
Implementation
Security
45
Q

What are the properties of Cat5 networks?

A

Versatile & Widely available
Cheap compared to other options
Only useful over shorter distances
More susceptible to interference

46
Q

What are the properties of coaxial networks?

A

Less susceptible to interference than UTP/STP
Cheaper than most cables
Thickness of cable
Limited Bandwidth

47
Q

What are the properties of fibre optic networks?

A 
Improved security as the cable cannot be tapped
Can be used over long distances
High transfer speed
Expensive
Specialist skills needed to install
48
Q

What are the properties of VGA cables?

A

Low cost cabling
Universally used
Cumbersome cabling
Signal affected over distance

49
Q

What are the properties of HDMI?

A

Capable of 8k resolution
Used in computing
Limited length
HDMI is more expensive than VGA

50
Q

What are the properties of USB/Firewire?

A

High speed capability
Backwards compatibility
Limited distance
Limited power supply

51
Q

What are the properties of 3G/4G?

A

4G provides very fast connection speeds
Heavy data usage can be costly
Uses public networks

52
Q

What are the properties of satellite broadband?

A

Wide coverage
High speed
High latency
Subject to weather conditions

53
Q

What are the properties of Microwave/Laser networks?

A

High speed
No ongoing costs
Affected by poor weather
High initial costs

54
Q

What are the properties of bluetooth?

A

Easy to set up
Low power consumption
Very short range
Low data transfer speeds

55
Q

What are the properties of WiFi direct?

A

Can transmit both video and audio
Usually built into devices
Limited range
Can affect data connectivity

56
Q

What are the properties of WiFi?

A

Simple setup
Uses existing infrastructure
Using ad-hoc networks can impact connectivity

57
Q

What are the properties of LAN?

A

Small geographical area

Operates at a relatively high speed

58
Q

What are the properties of WAN?

A

Covers a large geographical area

Connects all LANs together

59
Q

What are the properties of PAN?

A

Very limited area

Usually for mobile devices, tablets and laptops

60
Q

What are the features of VPN?

A

Encrypts your data on the network

61
Q

What are the factors affecting network choice?

A 
User needs
Specifications
Connectivity
Cost
Efficiency
Compatibility
Implementation
Productivity
Security
User experience
62
Q

What factors should you consider when choosing network components?

A 
Manufacturer
Specification
Warranty/ongoing support
Adherence/compatibility to standards
Familiarity
Infrastructure
63
Q

What does the TCP/IP do?

A

TCP is used to create the packets and reassemble them

IP is used to route them to their intended address

64
Q

What is SMTP?

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol:

Used to transfer emails between servers

65
Q

What is IMAP

A

Internet Message Access Protocol:

Used to retrieve emails from the mail server

66
Q

What is POP3?

A

Post Office Protocol:

Used for retrieving emails from the mail server and downloads a copy for offline reading

67
Q

What is H.323?

A

Defines the rules for communicating audio and video over packed switched networks

68
Q

What is SIP?

A

Session Initiation Protocol:

Used to create, control and end VOIP connections

69
Q

What is RTP?

A

Real-Time Transport Protocol:

Transfers audio and video over IP-Based networks

70
Q

What is HTTP?

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol:

Used to allow web servers and browsers to transfer files over the internet. It’s how we access the internet

71
Q

What is HTTPS?

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure:

The secure version of HTTP, uses public key encryption to encrypt communications between a web browser and server

72
Q

What is FTP?

A

File Transfer Protocol:

Used to transfer files over a network, used to upload files to a server and download large files

73
Q

What is SSL and TLS?

A

Secure Socket Layer & Transport Layer Security:

Used to ensure that transactions over networks are kept secure, SSL is being replaced by TLS

74
Q

What are security considerations for data transmission?

A

User authentication
Firewalls
Encryption

75
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

The rate of data transfer over a network

76
Q

What is latency?

A

The time delay for a data packet to reach it’s destination

77
Q

What are personal uses of cloud storage?

A

Storing files such as photos and videos online so they are synced and can be accessed on any device from anywhere

78
Q

What are professional uses of cloud storage?

A

Storing offsite backups of business data to allow recovery in case of data loss
Accessing business documents while working off-site

79
Q

What are personal uses of cloud computing?

A

Accessing graphics editing software, email and home office software at home

80
Q

What are professional uses of cloud computing?

A

Accessing office applications and email without having to install software on all workstations

81
Q

What are 5 factors of using online systems?

A 
Security
Cost
Features
Ease of use
Connectivity
82
Q

What are 6 online methods of communicating?

A 
Social Media
Blog
Wikis
Chatrooms/Instant Messaging
Podcasts
Forums
83
Q

What are the implications of online communities for individuals?

A 
Security
Meeting Needs
Privacy
Cost
User Experience
84
Q

What are the implications of online communities for businesses?

A 
Customer Needs
Security
Current Systems
Productivity
Implementation
Working Practices
Employee/Customer Experience
Cost
85
Q

What is Malware?

A

Software designed to cause harm to your IT system such as deleting, altering or stealing data

86
Q

What are hackers?

A

Someone who exploits weaknesses in an IT system to gain unauthorized access

87
Q

What is phishing?

A

A phishing email is one that pretends to be from a reputable company in order to get individuals to reveal personal information

88
Q

What is accidental damage?

A

Damage accidentally caused by humans, as simple as deleting files or modifying files or spilling a drink on a device

89
Q

What are the techniques for protecting data?

A 
Passwords
Physical Access Control
Digital Certificates
Protocols
File Permissions
Access Levels
90
Q

What are 3 tools for protecting data?

A

Firewalls
Antivirus
Encryption

91
Q

What is the Data Protection Act 1998

A

Protects the privacy of individuals’ data held by other
Fines of up to £500,000
Increased cost to meet security requirements for data

92
Q

What is the computer misuse act of 1990?

A

Protects against attacks on IT systems
Covers threats like hacking and spreading malware
Unlimited fines and up to 10 years in prison

93
Q

What are the features of online services?

A 
Retail
Financial Services
Education and Training
News and Information
Entertainment and Leisure
Productivity
Booking Systems
94
Q

What are business uses of online services?

A

Collaborative Online Working
Version Control
Transactional Data
Targeted Marketing

95
Q

What are uses of IT systems?

A 
Stock Control
Data Logging and Analysis
General Office Tasks
Creative Tasks
Online Advertising
Manufacturing
Security
96
Q

What are implications of IT systems?

A 
User Experience
Employee/Customer Needs
Cost
Implementation
Replacement/Integration with current systems
Working Practices
Security
97
Q

What is Primary Data?

A

Data gathered directly from the source e.g. Surveys

98
Q

What is Secondary Data?

A

Data that already exists from previous research e.g. books and journals

99
Q

What are methods of gathering data?

A

Questionnaire
Interview
Focus Group

100
Q

What are types of data validation?

A

Type check - Data must be the correct type
Range check - Numerical data must be between set values
Length check - Data must be less than or greater than a certain number of digits
Format check - Data must be in the correct predefined format

101
Q

What is data verification?

A

Double entry check - Data must be entered twice and both entries must be the same
Proofreading check - Data must be read through to ensure there are no data entry errors

102
Q

What are ways a good user interface can help to reduce errors while inputting data?

A

Automating certain aspects - providing drop down lists
Labelling input areas so the user knows what to put
Providing warnings when data is incorrect

103
Q

What are all the moral and ethical issues of IT systems?

A 
Environment
Unequal access
Online behavior
Globalization
Freedom of speech
Acceptable Use
Health and Safety
Copyright
Computer misuse
Protection of data
Privacy
Accessibility
104
Q

What are the legislations protecting users & data?

A 
Consumer Rights Act (2015)
Police and Justice Act (2006)
Computer Misuse Act (1990)
Data Protection Act (1998)
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1988)
The Health and Safety Regulations (1992)
The Copyright Regulations Act (1992)
105
Q

What are the legislations ensuring accessibility?

A

Disability Discrimination Acts (1995) (2005)
Equality Act (2010)
British Standards Institute Code of Practice (BSI)
Open Accessibility Framework (OAF)
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 and 2.0 (WCAG)

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