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btec ict > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are multifunctional devices?

A

Devices that can perform multiple functions like inputting AND outputting data e.g. Touchscreen .devices

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2
Q

What are personal computers?

A

Small inexpensive computers for use by individual users e.g. Desktops and laptops.

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3
Q

What are mobile devices?

A

Devices that are very portable and mobile e.g. smartphones and tablets.

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4
Q

What are servers?

A

Powerful computers that provide services to other computers connected to a network e.g. mail server that provides email services.

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5
Q

What are entertainment systems?

A

Devices for watching TV/Films or playing video games e.g. videogames consoles or MP3 Players.

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6
Q

What are digital cameras?

A

They capture images and videos digitally using a sensor and store them on drives such as SD card or a hard drive e.g. Still and video cameras.

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7
Q

What are navigation systems?

A

They use the Global Position Satellite to locate the user’s exact location and take them to their designated location.

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8
Q

What are communication devices & systems?

A

Devices that can receive and send analogue or data to and from another device e.g. Routers.

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9
Q

What are data capture and collection systems?

A

Devices that collect and input data through automated systems rather than direct data entry e.g. Barcode scanners

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10
Q

What are the uses of digital devices?

A 
Education and training
Personal
Social
Retail
Creative Use
Organizational Use
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11
Q

Name input devices:

A 
Keyboard
Mouse
Graphics Tablet
Scanner
Microphone
Webcam
Sensor
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12
Q

Name output devices:

A 
Monitor
Projector
Printer
Speaker
Plotter
Headphones
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13
Q

Name accessibility devices:

A 
Trackball
Touch screen
Larger keyboard
Eye motion tracker
Braille embosser
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14
Q

Name automatic data processers/devices:

A

Barcode readers
Fingerprint readers
Smart meters
Radio frequency identification

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15
Q

Name manual data processors/devices

A

Keying client or product details into a system
Entering customer’s meal choices into a restaurant
Marking exam scripts
Entering survey responses from a form

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16
Q

What does HDD stand for and its properties?

A 
Hard Disk Drive:
Large storage capacity
Very reliable
Low cost per byte
Slower than SSDs
Not as portable as other options
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17
Q

What does SSD stand for and its properties?

A 
Solid State Drive:
Very fast read/write speeds
Lower power consumption
Extremely reliable
Higher cost
Usually have a lower storage capacity
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18
Q

What does SD card stand for and its properties?

A

Secure Digital:
Very small and portable
Small storage capacity
Large storage capacity can be costly

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19
Q

What does USB stand for and its properties?

A 
Universal Serial Bus:
Extremely portable
Compatible with nearly all devices
Can be easily lost
Lower storage capacity compared to SSD and HDD
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20
Q

What are the properties of Optical Disks?

A

CDs, DvDs, BluRay Disks:
Small and portable
Fragile and easy to damage
Compatible with nearly all devices

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21
Q

What are the properties of magnetic tape?

A

Very large storage capacity
Very cheap on a per byte basis
Slow access to data
Requires specialist equipment to access

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22
Q

What does RTOS stand for and its properties?

A

Real-Time Operating System:
Provides fast responses
Best used where inputs must be responded to immediately like Air traffic control or traffic lights

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23
Q

What are the properties of Single User Single Task operating systems?

A

Requires fewer responses

Best used on devices that have limited processing and memory such as basic mobile phones

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24
Q

What are the properties of Single User Multi-Tasking operating systems?

A

Allows the user to use several applications at once

Best used where a user needs to quickly switch between using applications e.g. Smartphones or a PC

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25
What are the properties of Multi-User operating systems?
Processing and resources can be shared my multiple users | Best used where many users need access to the same resources e.g. Web servers
26
What are the factors affecting operating system performance?
``` Limited RAM Limited CPU Number of Cores Slow Hard Disk Viruses (Spyware, Malware) Heavy Use of Virtual Memory ```
27
What are 5 roles of the operating system?
``` Networking Security Memory Management Multitasking Device Drivers ```
28
What does CLI stand for and its properties?
Command Line Interface: Experienced Users find it quicker to complete tasks Requires far less memory Requires knowledge of specific functions
29
What does GUI stand for and its properties?
``` Graphical User Interface: Simple and easy to use for beginners No knowledge of commands needed Often resource intensive Less useful for more experienced users ```
30
What are the properties of menu-based interfaces?
Limited options makes it easier to use Can figure out tasks without any instruction Performing tasks can be slower
31
What are 3 disk utilities?
File Compressors Backup File defragmenters
32
What are 2 network utilities?
Firewalls | Antivirus
33
What is file compression?
2 types of compression, lossy and lossless Lossy: File size decreased but some quality loss Lossless: File size decreased but no quality loss
34
What is backup utilities?
2 types of backup, full backup and incremental Full: Everything is backed up, takes longer. Incremental: Only files that have been changed are backed up, takes less time.
35
What are file defragmenters?
Defragmentation is putting all the files on the hard drive back into one area and putting all the empty space into one area.
36
What are firewalls?
Firewalls are physical hardware or software that have a list of blacklisted IPs they don't allow the network to receive any packets from the blocked IP addresses as they could be harmful to the system.
37
What is Antivirus software?
Antivirus software has a list of all the knows viruses, and it constantly scans for these and when it detects the files of a virus it terminates the files from the PC.
38
What are the 2 types of software?
Open Source, Proprietary (Closed Source)
39
What are the properties of open source software?
Most open source software is free to use Support and fixes are often provided by the community May be indirect costs in paying for support and training Support with fast response isn't always available
40
What are the properties of proprietary software?
Support is provided by the software creators May have more features than the open source software Software company may be slow to fix bugs and glitches Can be costly Software is usually generic with little room for customization
41
What should you consider when choosing software?
Ease of use Reliability Capacity - Software can do the job it's required
42
When looking at performance of software what should you consider?
Maturity of the software - Stable versions of the software can be more efficient Support or dedicated hardware for complicated tasks Interoperability - Interface with other devices or systems
43
What are some emerging technologies?
Artificial Intelligence Biometrics Robotics Virtual Reality
44
What are the factors of choosing an IT system?
``` User experience and needs Specification, compatibility and connectivity Cost Efficiency and productivity Implementation Security ```
45
What are the properties of Cat5 networks?
Versatile & Widely available Cheap compared to other options Only useful over shorter distances More susceptible to interference
46
What are the properties of coaxial networks?
Less susceptible to interference than UTP/STP Cheaper than most cables Thickness of cable Limited Bandwidth
47
What are the properties of fibre optic networks?
``` Improved security as the cable cannot be tapped Can be used over long distances High transfer speed Expensive Specialist skills needed to install ```
48
What are the properties of VGA cables?
Low cost cabling Universally used Cumbersome cabling Signal affected over distance
49
What are the properties of HDMI?
Capable of 8k resolution Used in computing Limited length HDMI is more expensive than VGA
50
What are the properties of USB/Firewire?
High speed capability Backwards compatibility Limited distance Limited power supply
51
What are the properties of 3G/4G?
4G provides very fast connection speeds Heavy data usage can be costly Uses public networks
52
What are the properties of satellite broadband?
Wide coverage High speed High latency Subject to weather conditions
53
What are the properties of Microwave/Laser networks?
High speed No ongoing costs Affected by poor weather High initial costs
54
What are the properties of bluetooth?
Easy to set up Low power consumption Very short range Low data transfer speeds
55
What are the properties of WiFi direct?
Can transmit both video and audio Usually built into devices Limited range Can affect data connectivity
56
What are the properties of WiFi?
Simple setup Uses existing infrastructure Using ad-hoc networks can impact connectivity
57
What are the properties of LAN?
Small geographical area | Operates at a relatively high speed
58
What are the properties of WAN?
Covers a large geographical area | Connects all LANs together
59
What are the properties of PAN?
Very limited area | Usually for mobile devices, tablets and laptops
60
What are the features of VPN?
Encrypts your data on the network
61
What are the factors affecting network choice?
``` User needs Specifications Connectivity Cost Efficiency Compatibility Implementation Productivity Security User experience ```
62
What factors should you consider when choosing network components?
``` Manufacturer Specification Warranty/ongoing support Adherence/compatibility to standards Familiarity Infrastructure ```
63
What does the TCP/IP do?
TCP is used to create the packets and reassemble them | IP is used to route them to their intended address
64
What is SMTP?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol: | Used to transfer emails between servers
65
What is IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol: | Used to retrieve emails from the mail server
66
What is POP3?
Post Office Protocol: | Used for retrieving emails from the mail server and downloads a copy for offline reading
67
What is H.323?
Defines the rules for communicating audio and video over packed switched networks
68
What is SIP?
Session Initiation Protocol: | Used to create, control and end VOIP connections
69
What is RTP?
Real-Time Transport Protocol: | Transfers audio and video over IP-Based networks
70
What is HTTP?
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol: | Used to allow web servers and browsers to transfer files over the internet. It's how we access the internet
71
What is HTTPS?
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure: | The secure version of HTTP, uses public key encryption to encrypt communications between a web browser and server
72
What is FTP?
File Transfer Protocol: | Used to transfer files over a network, used to upload files to a server and download large files
73
What is SSL and TLS?
Secure Socket Layer & Transport Layer Security: | Used to ensure that transactions over networks are kept secure, SSL is being replaced by TLS
74
What are security considerations for data transmission?
User authentication Firewalls Encryption
75
What is bandwidth?
The rate of data transfer over a network
76
What is latency?
The time delay for a data packet to reach it's destination
77
What are personal uses of cloud storage?
Storing files such as photos and videos online so they are synced and can be accessed on any device from anywhere
78
What are professional uses of cloud storage?
Storing offsite backups of business data to allow recovery in case of data loss Accessing business documents while working off-site
79
What are personal uses of cloud computing?
Accessing graphics editing software, email and home office software at home
80
What are professional uses of cloud computing?
Accessing office applications and email without having to install software on all workstations
81
What are 5 factors of using online systems?
``` Security Cost Features Ease of use Connectivity ```
82
What are 6 online methods of communicating?
``` Social Media Blog Wikis Chatrooms/Instant Messaging Podcasts Forums ```
83
What are the implications of online communities for individuals?
``` Security Meeting Needs Privacy Cost User Experience ```
84
What are the implications of online communities for businesses?
``` Customer Needs Security Current Systems Productivity Implementation Working Practices Employee/Customer Experience Cost ```
85
What is Malware?
Software designed to cause harm to your IT system such as deleting, altering or stealing data
86
What are hackers?
Someone who exploits weaknesses in an IT system to gain unauthorized access
87
What is phishing?
A phishing email is one that pretends to be from a reputable company in order to get individuals to reveal personal information
88
What is accidental damage?
Damage accidentally caused by humans, as simple as deleting files or modifying files or spilling a drink on a device
89
What are the techniques for protecting data?
``` Passwords Physical Access Control Digital Certificates Protocols File Permissions Access Levels ```
90
What are 3 tools for protecting data?
Firewalls Antivirus Encryption
91
What is the Data Protection Act 1998
Protects the privacy of individuals' data held by other Fines of up to £500,000 Increased cost to meet security requirements for data
92
What is the computer misuse act of 1990?
Protects against attacks on IT systems Covers threats like hacking and spreading malware Unlimited fines and up to 10 years in prison
93
What are the features of online services?
``` Retail Financial Services Education and Training News and Information Entertainment and Leisure Productivity Booking Systems ```
94
What are business uses of online services?
Collaborative Online Working Version Control Transactional Data Targeted Marketing
95
What are uses of IT systems?
``` Stock Control Data Logging and Analysis General Office Tasks Creative Tasks Online Advertising Manufacturing Security ```
96
What are implications of IT systems?
``` User Experience Employee/Customer Needs Cost Implementation Replacement/Integration with current systems Working Practices Security ```
97
What is Primary Data?
Data gathered directly from the source e.g. Surveys
98
What is Secondary Data?
Data that already exists from previous research e.g. books and journals
99
What are methods of gathering data?
Questionnaire Interview Focus Group
100
What are types of data validation?
Type check - Data must be the correct type Range check - Numerical data must be between set values Length check - Data must be less than or greater than a certain number of digits Format check - Data must be in the correct predefined format
101
What is data verification?
Double entry check - Data must be entered twice and both entries must be the same Proofreading check - Data must be read through to ensure there are no data entry errors
102
What are ways a good user interface can help to reduce errors while inputting data?
Automating certain aspects - providing drop down lists Labelling input areas so the user knows what to put Providing warnings when data is incorrect
103
What are all the moral and ethical issues of IT systems?
``` Environment Unequal access Online behavior Globalization Freedom of speech Acceptable Use Health and Safety Copyright Computer misuse Protection of data Privacy Accessibility ```
104
What are the legislations protecting users & data?
``` Consumer Rights Act (2015) Police and Justice Act (2006) Computer Misuse Act (1990) Data Protection Act (1998) Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1988) The Health and Safety Regulations (1992) The Copyright Regulations Act (1992) ```
105
What are the legislations ensuring accessibility?
Disability Discrimination Acts (1995) (2005) Equality Act (2010) British Standards Institute Code of Practice (BSI) Open Accessibility Framework (OAF) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 and 2.0 (WCAG)

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