Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PD 303 - MENTAL HEALTH & ADDICTIONS > UNIT #1 > Flashcards

UNIT #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it important to use person first language?

A

it is important to think about the dialogue you use when discussing mental health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Person first language

5

A
  1. putting the person first.
  2. Rather than saying: “he is schizophrenic”, you would report “he is a male with schizophrenia”.
  3. This is important for the individual struggling with their mental health challenges, but it is also important for others in society to hear this language;
  4. Helps to reduce stigma
  5. it is important to see and discuss these people as more than their diagnoses - using person first language takes those other components into account.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stigma

A

a negative association/characteristic associated with a circumstance or persons (e.g., those with mental health diagnoses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Suicide Ideation

3

A
  1. Thoughts an individual may have about death and dying.
  2. These can consist of fleeting thoughts of hopelessness, up to a detailed plan about how, when and where they would end their own life.
  3. If someone were to follow through with their suicide plan, it is appropriate to say that they died by suicide.
    Out of date language: committed suicide, completed suicide, killed themselves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Crisis

3

A
  1. Individuals can find themselves in a state of crisis when there is an immediate risk to physical or emotional wellbeing;
  2. overall they are at immediate risk regarding their mental health.
  3. Some examples of crisis include: active suicide plan, loss of housing, intense relationship stress/abuse/trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Panic Attack

2

A
  1. A rapid onset of intense fear and discomfort.
  2. Physical symptoms and sensations associated with panic attacks can include: excessive perspiration, shaking, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, chills or heat sensations, numbness or tingling sensations, fear of dying or “going crazy.”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

3

A
  1. can include one or more of the following: Intrusive memories, distressing dreams and/or dissociative episodes (re-living the event, feeling and acting as through the trauma is re-occurring), physiological responses to trauma, and psychological distress.
  2. These symptoms exist following the experience of, or witnessing or learning about a traumatic event or events.
  3. Those with PTSD may develop a propensity to avoid specific individuals, situations or activities that could trigger this trauma response in them, they may maintain persistent negative beliefs about themselves, the world, and others in the world (e.g., no one can be trusted), feelings of detachment and a diminished ability to experience positive emotion.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Delusions

A

are beliefs that exist despite factual or conflicting evidence; delusions are not changeable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of common delusions experiences by individuals struggling with Psychotic Disorders

(4)

A
  1. Persecutory Delusions
  2. Referential delusions
  3. somatic delusions
  4. Delusions of grandeur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Persecutory Delusions

A

Beliefs about risk of harm, fear of persecution or that others are “out to get you”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Referential Delusions

A

Personalization; beliefs about specific occurrences, behaviours, gestures or comments are directed at oneself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Somatic Delusions

A

Beliefs and a preoccupation about one’s body, its functioning and one’s health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Delusions of grandeur

A

Beliefs about being grand, extraordinary, or magnificent; beliefs of having exceptional abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hallucination

2

A
  1. An involuntary perceptual experience that exists despite the absence of an actual stimulus.
  2. Hallucinations can be auditory (e.g., hearing voices distinct from one’s own thoughts), visual (e.g., seeing something that is not currently present), or tactile (feeling or sensing things on or in one’s own body that are not explainable by fact)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Disorganized Thinking (Speech)

A

Rambling thought processes that result in speech not following one clear line of thought; moving from one topic to another quickly without logically connecting thoughts or intent behind said speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Catatonic Behaviours

A

Absence of reactivity to one’s environment; noncompliance to instructions, rigid, awkward and/or inappropriate bodily posture, and/or lack of speech or mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bipolar

A

has various subtypes; generally it includes episodes of mania and depression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mania

2

A
  1. A persistent elevated or irritated mood that results in increased energy and possibly activity.
  2. Mania can include an inflated sense of self, decreased need for sleep, increased and rapid speech, flighty ideas associated with racing thoughts, and engaging in increasingly risky activities (e.g., sexual indiscretions, excessive spending, speeding in the car, trespassing)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Depression

3

A
  1. persistent abnormally low mood paired with a lack of interest and/or energy for daily activities (including personal hygiene regimes), social engagements, and responsibilities (e.g., work, spouse, and children).
  2. Depressed individuals can struggle with insomnia (inability to sleep) or hypersomnia (sleeping to excess), feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness and an inability to concentrate.
  3. When severe, depression can also be accompanied by serious thoughts of death and dying, an active suicide plan, and/or suicide attempts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Although delusions and hallucinations are components of mental illness (psychosis and/or schizophrenia) they are also:

A

two of the main features and presenting issues for substance/medication induced psychosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is it important to note regarding mental health?

A

It will not always be the sole reason individuals may be behaving atypically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Empathy and sympathy are often confused in common dialogue, or used interchangeably, however these concepts are not the same.

(3)

A
  1. sympathy can be viewed as having compassion/pity for someone; being able to show care and concern.
  2. Empathy goes beyond sympathy; it is more about recognizing and sharing someone’s’ experience.
  3. In other words, empathy is trying to imagine what things must be like from someone else’s perspective.
23
Q

According to the 2013 Mobile Crisis Team Coordination Steering Committee Report, it has been documented that:

A

de-escalation techniques are of significant importance when addressing emotionally disturbed individuals.

24
Q

de-escalation techniques are intended to:

A

help police officers build a rapport with individuals at risk, ultimately making interactions more effective and potentially less intense.

25
Q

Common de-escalation techniques that police officers are instructed to practice can include but are not limited to:

(7)

A
  1. assessing threat continuously within the context,
  2. maintain composure,
  3. speaking calmly and professionally,
  4. attend to body language,
  5. use the person’s name when speaking,
  6. remain patient while validating the person’s emotional experience, and
  7. provide realistic reassurance
26
Q

What are two additional tools that have the capacity to decrease ones emotional state without having to say “calm down”.

A
  1. Work with breath

2. Engage the five senses

27
Q

Work with breath

2

A
  1. Encourage them to slow the pace of their breath (inhale and exhale on a count 1-2-3-4)
  2. Encourage them to inhale deeply but like they are breathing through a straw; exhaling as if they are blowing petals off a flower.
28
Q

Engage the 5 Senses

*Note: this is not for those experiencing hallucinations/delusions

A
  1. Ask: What are 5 things you hear right now?
  2. Ask: What are 4 things you can smell right now?
  3. Ask: what are 3 things you see?
  4. Ask what are 2 things you can touch right now? (if this is safe to do so)
  5. Ask: what is one thing you can taste right now
29
Q

While using de-escalation techniques, it is also important for police officers to consider:

(2)

A
  1. whether or not there is a need for potential treatment; if so this would include making an appropriate community referral.
  2. On the other hand when interacting with PMI, police officers are also left to determine whether or not illegal activity would take precedent, if this were the case, then an arrest would made.
30
Q

According to Hartford, Heslop, Stitt and Hoch (2005), their findings regarding PMI from analyzing data from 1999-2003 revealed that:

(8)

A
  1. PMI had 3.1 times more interactions with police than the general population.
  2. PMI were twice as likely to be re-involved with police as the general population (79.9% vs. 38.3%). This re-involvement happened sooner for PMI. Fifty per cent of those with mental illness were re-involved with police within 59 days (vs. 681 days for those in the general population).
  3. Almost twice as many PMI were charged and/or arrested during the study period as compared to the general population.
  4. Forty per cent of offences for which PMI were charged were for minor, nuisance type offences.
  5. Once charged, PMI were more likely to spend time in custody both prior to conviction and as part of their disposition (37 and 57%, respectively). PMI were more likely to be convicted of the offence than the general population (72% vs. 60%).
  6. Twenty per cent of PMI had been flagged in the police service RMS/CAD with a violent caution flag but had never been involved with the police as a violent perpetrator or involved in a violent offence (compared to 2% of the general population).
  7. PMI were offenders in violent crimes as often as the general population.
  8. Events involving PMI represented a considerable cost to the London Police, estimated to be between 3 and 9% of the annual operating budget.
31
Q

According to Cottona and Colemanh (2010), some of the best practices in Canada for policing and PMI include:

(3)

A
  1. having a designated mental health police officer available (someone with specialized training to act as a liaison between the mental health and legal system),
  2. a community crisis team (mobile police officers and mental health workers that go into the community to meet the needs on PMI in crisis; they assess safety and mental health status, determine whether or not to enact the Mental Health Act, or refer the individual to other appropriate community resources),
  3. or things like a comprehensive police response (highly trained police officers and first responders that take the lead on mental health calls).
32
Q

Abstinence

A

entails a zero tolerance policy; in other words abstinence means that people should not be doing drugs, period.

33
Q

Harm reduction

3

A
  1. aims to reduce any issues or problems associated with drug use, recognizing that abstinence may not be feasible for certain individuals, especially at certain periods of time in the lives.
  2. By no means does harm reduction condone the use of illicit substances, rather this perspective merely accepts that despite our best prevention efforts, some individuals are still going to use;
  3. rather than criminalize these behaviours, harm reduction aims to create safe places for use, while still educating and working towards getting individuals clean.
34
Q

What is Culture?

A

can be defined as a system; a set of characteristics, beliefs, and knowledge of a particular group, which encompasses things like religion, traditions, cuisine, language, and the arts.

35
Q

Acculturation

A

the gradual process of adjusting and adapting into a culture other than one’s own; this involves two or more cultures merging so that both cultures engage in some adaptation

36
Q

Assimilation

A

this can be a rapid or more gradual change whereby one group takes on, or takes over, the language/culture/traditions of another group. When one group is fully assimilated often times one cannot discern a native from a newcomer

37
Q

Immigrant

2

A

(1) an individual that has come to a new country from another country
(2) Being an immigrant is a natural outcome of population ecology.

38
Q

Emigrant

A

A person who is leaving one country to relocate to another country

39
Q

Refugee

A

A person who has relocated to a new country due to some form or pressure or as a result of danger/stressors in their own home country

40
Q

Assimilation is different than acculturation

A

because with assimilation, one group loses their identity and takes on that of another.

41
Q

re-settlement can result in what disadvantages for newcomers?

(7)

A

(1) increased stress,
(2) underemployment,
(3) poor housing,
(4) discrimination,
(5) inadequate social supports.
(6) To compound these issues, with only limited resources available, it is often that rigid criteria are implemented for immigrants to access services.
(7) also a lack of funding to support the numbers of immigrants and refugees annually that may require supports – service providers are left to piece together service options and often cannot follow-up with individuals accordingly due to lack of resources

42
Q

discuss the implications that culture can have on adaptation/acculturation

(4)

A

(1) It was documented that the culture one comes from plays a distinct role on how individuals interpret information,
(2) react or accept mental health challenges,
(3) cope, communicate, express themselves, and
(4) how they seek and/or accept support.

43
Q

many things can impact ones experience throughout the course of a migration journey

(5)

A

(1) this includes but is not limited to: the culture one is migrating from,
(2) trauma history,
(3) exposure to violence,
(4) social and/or economic status, etc.
(5) As such, two individuals can come from the same or very similar cultural background, yet still have very different acculturation experience.

44
Q

What are 3 types of Factors related to migration that affect mental health?

A

(1) Premigration
(2) Migration
(3) Post migration

45
Q

Premigration factors that affect mental health for adults

4

A

(1) Economic, educational and occupational status in country of origin
(2) Disruption of social support, roles and network
(3) Trauma (type, severity, perceived level of threat, number of episodes)
(4) Political involvement (commitment to a cause)

46
Q

Premigration factors that affect mental health for a child

3

A

(1) Age and developmental stage at migration
(2) Disruption of education
(3) Separation from extended family and peer networks

47
Q

Migration factors that affect mental health for adults

5

A

(1) Trajectory (route, duration)
(2) Exposure to harsh living conditions (e.g., refugee camps)
(3) Exposure to violence
(4) Disruption of family and community networks
(5) Uncertainty about outcome of migration

48
Q

Migration factors that affect mental health for children

5

A

(1) Separation from caregiver
(2) Exposure to violence
(3) Exposure to harsh living conditions (e.g., refugee camps)
(4) Poor nutrition
(5) Uncertainty about future

49
Q

Postmigration that affect mental health for adults

6

A

(1) Uncertainty about immigration or refugee status
(2) Unemployment or underemployment
(3) Loss of social status
(4) Loss of family and community social supports
(5) Concern about family members left behind and possibility for reunification
(6) Difficulties in language learning, acculturation and adaptation (e.g., change in sex roles)

50
Q

Postmigration that affect mental health for children

4

A

(1) Stresses related to family’s adaptation
(2) Difficulties with education in new language
(3) Acculturation (e.g., ethnic and religious identity; sex role conflicts; intergenerational conflict within family)
(4) Discrimination and social exclusion (at school or with peers)

51
Q

isolationism

A

when immigrants isolate themselves in communities with members of their own group (retaining their own language and customs) vs the benefits and drawbacks of assimilating into the dominant culture.

52
Q

Misconception

2

A

(1) is an incorrect idea or attitude, based on faulty understanding.
(2) Misconceptions are often wrought from stereotypes.

53
Q

Stereotypes

3

A

(1) are overgeneralized understandings or ideas about groups of people;
(2) they serve to benefit our thinking by simplifying concepts,
(3) however because they simplify things, relevant differences among people can be overlooked.

54
Q

All police services in Ontario with the exception of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) are bound by:

A

(1) the Ontario Human Rights Code (OHRC);

(2) RCMP are bound by the Canadian Human Rights Act.

PD 303 - MENTAL HEALTH & ADDICTIONS (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions