Unit 1 Flashcards
____ of psychological knowledge are often called researchers
Producers
____ of psychological knowledge are often called practitioners
Consumers
____ involves detailing characteristics or behaviors of interest
Description
____ involves demonstrating that characteristics or behaviors are related to each other
Prediction
____ involves establishing that changes in one characteristic or behavior leads to changes in another.
Understanding
Intuition, authority, rational induction, and empiricism are each a useful source of ____
Hypotheses
but only the latter is an accepted source of ____
Knowledge
____ hypotheses are related to descriptive knowledge
Attributive
____ hypotheses to predictive knowledge
Associative
____ hypotheses to understanding
Casual
____ hypotheses are about the description of characteristics or behaviors
Attributive
____ hypotheses are about the statistical relationships between characteristics or behaviors
Associative
____ hypotheses are about how characteristics or behaviors influence each other.
Casual
____ comes only from rational induction
Proof
while ____ comes from empirical research
Probabilistic Conclusion
Applications of the Research Loop involve ____ studies of new research hypotheses
Initial
____ studies of previous research to test the reproducibility of previous research findings
Replication
____ studies to test the specificity and generalizability of previous research findings.
Convergent
The ____ approach is based on the idea that one properly completed study will give us reliable and correct knowledge
Critical Experiment
While the ____ approach is based on the idea that reliable and correct knowledge is only obtained from repeating the exact and similar studies to find a pattern of consistent findings.
Converging Operations
____ validity is about causal interpretability
Internal
____ validity is about generalizability
External
____ validity is about proper representation of characteristics or behaviors with our data
Measurement
____ validity is about correctly deciding whether or not two characteristics or behaviors are related.
Statistical
____ is the component of external validity related to who is in the study
Population
____ is the component related to where the study is conducted
Setting
____ is the component related to what participants do and interact with during the study
Task/Stimulus
____ is the component related to when the study is conducted
Societal/Temporal
A ____ sample “looks like” the target population
Representative
A ____ sample is one procedure used to obtain this goal.
Random
A ____ sampling frame includes the identity of or access to all members of the target population
Complete Population
A ____ sampling frame includes the identity of or access to individuals who are expected to represent the target population
Purposive
Each member of a ____ selected sample is individually chosen from the sampling frame and approached to participate in the research
Researcher
Those of a ____ selected sample respond to a general invitation to the sampling frame.
Self
In a ____ sampling plan each member of the sampling frame has an equal probability of selection
Simple
In a ____ sampling plan each member of a given subsection of the sampling frame has an equal probability of selection.
Stratified
A ____ includes all members of the group(s) to which the researcher would like to generalize the results of the research
Population
A ____ is a list or access process for the group(s).
Sampling Frame
The ____ sample incudes all those selected to complete a study
Selected
The ____ sample includes all those who actually complete participation in the study.
Data
____ is when the results from a study tell us about a broad range or populations, settings, task/stimuli and societal/temporal possibilities
Generalizability
____ is when the results from a study tells us about a specific combination of population, setting, task/stimuli and societal/temporal event.
Applicability
Population, setting, task/stimulus and societal/temporal are the components of ____
External Validity
Initial equivalence and ongoing equivalence are the components of ____
Internal Validity
____ is about generalizability
External Validity
____ is about causal interpretability
Internal Validity