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Science Grade 8 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Rocks are made of many

A

Layers

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2
Q

The oldest rock layer is usually at the

A

Bottom

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3
Q

The newest rock layer is usually at the

A

Top

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4
Q

Rock layers are known as

A

Rock Strata

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5
Q

Sedimentary rocks and igneous rocks become _____ when they are exposed to heat and pressure

A

Metamorphic rocks

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6
Q

_____ Is when a scientist studies a rock composition to determine its age

A

Absolute dating,

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7
Q

In absolute dating, scientists study a rocks ___ to find its age

A

composition

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8
Q

Relative dating uses principles of ___

A

Superposition

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9
Q

When magma seeps through layers of existing rocks, it calls to form ____ igneous rock

A

intrusive

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10
Q

Sill is rock that is oriented

A

Horizontally

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11
Q

Dike is rock that is oriented

A

Vertically

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12
Q

Rock made of lava is called

A

Igneous Rock

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13
Q

Rock formed at or near Earth’s surface by the accumulation and lithification of sediment (detrital rock) or by the precipitation from solution at normal surface temperatures (chemical rock).

A

Sedimentary rock

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14
Q

A ____ ____ is a crack that occurs when earth tectonic plates shift

A

Fault line

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15
Q

Why is it difficult for scientists to find fossils from the Precambrian period?

A

The life that existed had soft bodies, which rarely left behind fossils

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16
Q

The continents were once a giant landmass known as ____

A

Pangea

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17
Q

One process responsible for the moving of continents is ___ __ motion.

A

Slab pull motion

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18
Q

Slab pull motion is due to _____

A

Subduction

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19
Q

Subduction is when

A

One tectonic plate moves under another.

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20
Q

Charles Darwin embarked on the British naval vessel HMS Beagle to s

A

Travel around the globe

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21
Q

Based on his viewings at Galapagos islands, Darwin assumed that all similar organisms evolved from ____

A

One single ancestor.

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22
Q

Darwin formed the theory of ____ ____

A

Natural selection

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23
Q

Evolution is a scientific theory based on concrete ideas. The theory explains how

A

A species changes over time and the formation of different species and their growth.

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24
Q

Evolutoin is ____

A

Random

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25
Q

Evolution happens because of _____

A

Genetic Variations

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26
Q

Every organism has a different set of ___ these can change from parent to offspring because of random ___.

A

Genomes, mutations,

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27
Q

Genetic mutations are the reason for ___ traits in a species

A

New

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28
Q

Evolution is a

A

branching process

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29
Q

Comparative anatomy is the comparing of ____ _____

A

Physical structures

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30
Q

_____ ____ is the study of how organisms develop. An Organisms that look similar as ___ Look different in the adult stage

A

Developmental Biology, Embryo

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31
Q

_____ ___ is the study of genomes of different species

A

Molecular biology

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32
Q

After fertilization, an egg is called a

A

Zygote

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33
Q

The Zygote undergoes rapid

A

Cell Division

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34
Q

Cell division causes the zygote to look like a ball of cells which is called a

A

Morula

35
Q

The morula becomes a _____ after more cell division

A

Blastocyst

36
Q

The blastocyst becomes certain

A

Tissues

37
Q

Tissues in a growing baby become

A

Organs

38
Q

Go threw the growth of an egg

A

Zygote, cell division, morula, blastocyst, tissues, organs

39
Q

All vertebrates have similarities when they are

A

Embryos

40
Q

Name the three germ layers of a vertebrate embryo

A

Outer layer: Ectoderm, Middle layer: Mesoderm, inner layer: Endoderm.

41
Q

Specific ___ from each embryo layer

A

Organs

42
Q

Some animals have similar features because they share a common ____

A

Ancestor

43
Q

_______ ____ have a similar structure, have different functions, have a shared evolutionary origin

A

Homologous structures

44
Q

____ ____ have a different structure, similar functions, and different evolutionary origins.

A

Analogous structures

45
Q

____ ____ are the body parts that are no longer serve the same function in modern organisms.

A

Vestigial Structures

46
Q

What type of fossil is a dead organism buried in the earth’s crust. It was covered in mud sediments, the minerals from the mud seep through the organism’s pores and harder the tissue.

A

Mineralization

47
Q

Carbonization is when

A

A dead animal is compressed hard enough to leave a black carbon imprint

48
Q

Fossils formed from an organism’s motion is called a

A

trace fossil

49
Q

One of the rarest kinds of fossil

A

Origin tissue fossil

50
Q

The most common type of fossil, it is an imprint that a living organism leaves on the soft soil. Sediment fills the mold and hardens to create fossiled copies of the organism.

A

Mold and casts

51
Q

The best places to look for fossils is ____ ___

A

Rock Strata

52
Q

___ ___ a systematic collection or record of all the fossils ever found on earth

A

The Fossil Record

53
Q

___ ___ uses a fossil’s position in rock to find its age

A

Relative age dating

54
Q

___ ___ ___ uses the natural process of radioactive decay to find the age of a fossil.

A

Absolute age dating

55
Q

Mass extinction are called

A

extinction events

56
Q

Adaptions always start at the ___ ___

A

Genetic level

57
Q

___ ___ traits increase an organism likely hood to reach sexual age, but it does not guarantee the organism will reproduce

A

Beneficial traits.

58
Q

A change to physical characteristics is

A

Structural adaption

59
Q

A process within an organism’s body that help it survive is called its

A

Functional adaptations

60
Q

A change to a species’ behavior.

A

Behavioral adaptions

61
Q

Adaptions are helpful when they help

A

maintain homeostasis, protect from predators, provide access to energy, and help movement.

62
Q

A process where organisms with beneficial traits are more likely to reach reproductive age and pass their traits to offspring.

A

Natural selection

63
Q

A special type of natural selection in which an organism competes for a mate. It will choose the biggest and most colorful mate.

A

Sexual Selection

64
Q

Various factors affect the amount of ___ Variation an organism has.

A

Genetic

65
Q

_____ Is a permanent random change in an organism’s DNA

A

Mutation

66
Q

____ involves the fusion of gametes from the father and the mother. The offspring inherits genes from both parents which leads to _____ _____

A

Sexual reproduction, genetic variation

67
Q

____ _____ an organism creates clones of itself with the ___ Genetic makeup as the parent

A

Asexual reproduction, same

68
Q

___ is the intentional breeding of organisms to get certain traits

A

Artificial selection

69
Q

Organisms that reproduce sexually have __ alleles of each gene

A

2

70
Q

___ ___ an individual with one dominant allele and one recessive allele will express only the ___ phenotype

A

Simple dominance, dominant

71
Q

In __________ both alleles express characteristics equally

A

Codomonicance

72
Q

One allele in a pair is expressed more than the other.

A

Incomplete dominance

73
Q

___ ___ is when more than ___ alleles are responsible for the trait

A

Multiple Alleles, 2

74
Q

A and B blood types are ___ ake they express characteristics from both alleles

A

codominant.

75
Q

A and B alleles are

A

dominant

76
Q

The O allele is

A

recessive

77
Q

___ ___ is when several genes control the phenotype of the treat.

A

Polygenic inheritance

78
Q

Features that are only visible in one sex are

A

Sex-limited traits

79
Q

___ ___ genes located on the sex chromosomes

A

Sex-linked traits

80
Q

Females have _ _ chromosomes

A

XX

81
Q

Males have __ chromosomes

A

XY

82
Q

___ ____ allows for a species to survive in a changing environment

A

Genetic diversity

83
Q

High genetic diversity gives a species a____ survival rate

A

Higher

Science Grade 8 (1 decks)

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