Unit 1 Flashcards
Rocks are made of many
Layers
The oldest rock layer is usually at the
Bottom
The newest rock layer is usually at the
Top
Rock layers are known as
Rock Strata
Sedimentary rocks and igneous rocks become _____ when they are exposed to heat and pressure
Metamorphic rocks
_____ Is when a scientist studies a rock composition to determine its age
Absolute dating,
In absolute dating, scientists study a rocks ___ to find its age
composition
Relative dating uses principles of ___
Superposition
When magma seeps through layers of existing rocks, it calls to form ____ igneous rock
intrusive
Sill is rock that is oriented
Horizontally
Dike is rock that is oriented
Vertically
Rock made of lava is called
Igneous Rock
Rock formed at or near Earth’s surface by the accumulation and lithification of sediment (detrital rock) or by the precipitation from solution at normal surface temperatures (chemical rock).
Sedimentary rock
A ____ ____ is a crack that occurs when earth tectonic plates shift
Fault line
Why is it difficult for scientists to find fossils from the Precambrian period?
The life that existed had soft bodies, which rarely left behind fossils
The continents were once a giant landmass known as ____
Pangea
One process responsible for the moving of continents is ___ __ motion.
Slab pull motion
Slab pull motion is due to _____
Subduction
Subduction is when
One tectonic plate moves under another.
Charles Darwin embarked on the British naval vessel HMS Beagle to s
Travel around the globe
Based on his viewings at Galapagos islands, Darwin assumed that all similar organisms evolved from ____
One single ancestor.
Darwin formed the theory of ____ ____
Natural selection
Evolution is a scientific theory based on concrete ideas. The theory explains how
A species changes over time and the formation of different species and their growth.
Evolutoin is ____
Random
Evolution happens because of _____
Genetic Variations
Every organism has a different set of ___ these can change from parent to offspring because of random ___.
Genomes, mutations,
Genetic mutations are the reason for ___ traits in a species
New
Evolution is a
branching process
Comparative anatomy is the comparing of ____ _____
Physical structures
_____ ____ is the study of how organisms develop. An Organisms that look similar as ___ Look different in the adult stage
Developmental Biology, Embryo
_____ ___ is the study of genomes of different species
Molecular biology
After fertilization, an egg is called a
Zygote
The Zygote undergoes rapid
Cell Division
Cell division causes the zygote to look like a ball of cells which is called a
Morula
The morula becomes a _____ after more cell division
Blastocyst
The blastocyst becomes certain
Tissues
Tissues in a growing baby become
Organs
Go threw the growth of an egg
Zygote, cell division, morula, blastocyst, tissues, organs
All vertebrates have similarities when they are
Embryos
Name the three germ layers of a vertebrate embryo
Outer layer: Ectoderm, Middle layer: Mesoderm, inner layer: Endoderm.
Specific ___ from each embryo layer
Organs
Some animals have similar features because they share a common ____
Ancestor
_______ ____ have a similar structure, have different functions, have a shared evolutionary origin
Homologous structures
____ ____ have a different structure, similar functions, and different evolutionary origins.
Analogous structures
____ ____ are the body parts that are no longer serve the same function in modern organisms.
Vestigial Structures
What type of fossil is a dead organism buried in the earth’s crust. It was covered in mud sediments, the minerals from the mud seep through the organism’s pores and harder the tissue.
Mineralization
Carbonization is when
A dead animal is compressed hard enough to leave a black carbon imprint
Fossils formed from an organism’s motion is called a
trace fossil
One of the rarest kinds of fossil
Origin tissue fossil
The most common type of fossil, it is an imprint that a living organism leaves on the soft soil. Sediment fills the mold and hardens to create fossiled copies of the organism.
Mold and casts
The best places to look for fossils is ____ ___
Rock Strata
___ ___ a systematic collection or record of all the fossils ever found on earth
The Fossil Record
___ ___ uses a fossil’s position in rock to find its age
Relative age dating
___ ___ ___ uses the natural process of radioactive decay to find the age of a fossil.
Absolute age dating
Mass extinction are called
extinction events
Adaptions always start at the ___ ___
Genetic level
___ ___ traits increase an organism likely hood to reach sexual age, but it does not guarantee the organism will reproduce
Beneficial traits.
A change to physical characteristics is
Structural adaption
A process within an organism’s body that help it survive is called its
Functional adaptations
A change to a species’ behavior.
Behavioral adaptions
Adaptions are helpful when they help
maintain homeostasis, protect from predators, provide access to energy, and help movement.
A process where organisms with beneficial traits are more likely to reach reproductive age and pass their traits to offspring.
Natural selection
A special type of natural selection in which an organism competes for a mate. It will choose the biggest and most colorful mate.
Sexual Selection
Various factors affect the amount of ___ Variation an organism has.
Genetic
_____ Is a permanent random change in an organism’s DNA
Mutation
____ involves the fusion of gametes from the father and the mother. The offspring inherits genes from both parents which leads to _____ _____
Sexual reproduction, genetic variation
____ _____ an organism creates clones of itself with the ___ Genetic makeup as the parent
Asexual reproduction, same
___ is the intentional breeding of organisms to get certain traits
Artificial selection
Organisms that reproduce sexually have __ alleles of each gene
2
___ ___ an individual with one dominant allele and one recessive allele will express only the ___ phenotype
Simple dominance, dominant
In __________ both alleles express characteristics equally
Codomonicance
One allele in a pair is expressed more than the other.
Incomplete dominance
___ ___ is when more than ___ alleles are responsible for the trait
Multiple Alleles, 2
A and B blood types are ___ ake they express characteristics from both alleles
codominant.
A and B alleles are
dominant
The O allele is
recessive
___ ___ is when several genes control the phenotype of the treat.
Polygenic inheritance
Features that are only visible in one sex are
Sex-limited traits
___ ___ genes located on the sex chromosomes
Sex-linked traits
Females have _ _ chromosomes
XX
Males have __ chromosomes
XY
___ ____ allows for a species to survive in a changing environment
Genetic diversity
High genetic diversity gives a species a____ survival rate
Higher
