Unit 1 Flashcards
Microorganisms
Organisms too small to see with the naked eye
Microorganisms
_____ anatomy
Lack highly ____ cells
____ tissues
Simple
Differentiated
Lack
4 types of microorganisms in order of descending complexity
Fungi (most complex)
Bacteria
Viruses
Prions (least complex)
Prokaryotes
Single celled organisms LACKING a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles
HAVE cell walls
What is the one prokaryotic cell that does NOT have a cell wall
Mycoplasma
Eukaryotes
Cells that HAVE a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotes are cells of ____ organisms
Higher
True or false
Eukaryotes can be single celled or multicellular organisms
True
Kingdom fungi include
Mold and yeast
True or false
Fungi are multicellular organisms or unicellular organisms
True
Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Eukaryotic
Fungi have what type of reproduction cycles
Asexual and sexual
Bacteria are ___ celled and____
Single
Prokaryotic
Majority of bacteria have a cell wall with
Peptidoglycan
True or false
Bacteria lack a membrane bound nucleus but still have DNA
TRUE
What type of reproduction to bacteria have
Asexual
What are acellular infectious agents
NOT CELLS. They are infectious particles (smaller than cells)
When do acellular infectious agents have the ability to replicate
Only When the have infected a cell
Two categories of acellular infectious agents
Viruses
Prions
4 things viruses are composed of
Genetic material
Protein capsule
Proteins/sugars for attachment
Lipid envelope later
True or false
Viruses can replicate on their own
FALSE
What are two things prions (infectious protein particles) are a causative of
Bovine spongiform encephalitis (MAD COW DISEASE)
Scrapies (sheep neurological disease)
How do you name bacteria/viruses etc
The genus followed by the species underlines or italicized
Etiology
The study of the cause of disease
Etiological agent
Whatever causes the disease (toxin, trauma, microorganisms)
Infection
Invasion and multiplication of organisms inside the body
Usually from and injury (direct or indirect)
Infectious
Capable of causing infection, or being transmitted by infection
Infectivity
The ability to enter and replicate in a host
Direct injury (in the context of infection)
Damage to tissues caused by the infectious organism (toxins produced by the bacteria)
Indirect injury (in terms of infection)
Damage to tissues caused by the immune system
Host
An animal or plant in/on which a parasite (causes infection) or commensalism organisms (doesn’t cause infection) live on
Host cell
A cell that has been infected by a microorganisms (becomes the site of replication)
Pathogen
A virus, bacteria or microorganism that can causes a disease
Pathogenic
The ability to cause disease
Pathogenic factors
What allows the pathogen to cause disease
Pathogenicity
Measure of how much damage a pathogen is able to cause to a host
Non-pathogenic
Unable to cause disease
Virulence
Similar to pathogenicity
Measure of a pathogens ability to overcome the body’s defences
Virulence factors
Similar to pathogenic factor
Normal flora
Normally present on the healthy host
Ubiquitous
Found everywhere
In vivo
Within the body
In vitro
“With a glass”
Outside the living body, on a dish/in a tube
Culture
The propagation of microorganisms or living tissues in special growth media
List the following in order of smallest to largest:
Bacteria, skin cell, yeast, virus
Virus
Bacteria
Yeast
Skin cell
What category Is a virus in
Acellular
What category does bacteria belong in?
Prokaryotic
What category does a skin cell belong in?
Eukaryotic
What category does yeast belong in
Eukaryotic
How can a pathogen have high infectivity but low pathogenicity
High ability to replicate/spread easily but causes little damage
Example: common cold: spreads easy but not a lot of damage
