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Microbiology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Microorganisms

A

Organisms too small to see with the naked eye

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2
Q

Microorganisms
_____ anatomy
Lack highly ____ cells
____ tissues

A

Simple
Differentiated
Lack

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3
Q

4 types of microorganisms in order of descending complexity

A

Fungi (most complex)
Bacteria
Viruses
Prions (least complex)

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4
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Single celled organisms LACKING a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles

HAVE cell walls

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5
Q

What is the one prokaryotic cell that does NOT have a cell wall

A

Mycoplasma

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6
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Cells that HAVE a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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7
Q

Eukaryotes are cells of ____ organisms

A

Higher

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8
Q

True or false

Eukaryotes can be single celled or multicellular organisms

A

True

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9
Q

Kingdom fungi include

A

Mold and yeast

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10
Q

True or false

Fungi are multicellular organisms or unicellular organisms

A

True

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11
Q

Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic

A

Eukaryotic

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12
Q

Fungi have what type of reproduction cycles

A

Asexual and sexual

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13
Q

Bacteria are ___ celled and____

A

Single

Prokaryotic

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14
Q

Majority of bacteria have a cell wall with

A

Peptidoglycan

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15
Q

True or false

Bacteria lack a membrane bound nucleus but still have DNA

A

TRUE

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16
Q

What type of reproduction to bacteria have

A

Asexual

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17
Q

What are acellular infectious agents

A

NOT CELLS. They are infectious particles (smaller than cells)

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18
Q

When do acellular infectious agents have the ability to replicate

A

Only When the have infected a cell

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19
Q

Two categories of acellular infectious agents

A

Viruses

Prions

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20
Q

4 things viruses are composed of

A

Genetic material
Protein capsule
Proteins/sugars for attachment
Lipid envelope later

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21
Q

True or false

Viruses can replicate on their own

A

FALSE

22
Q

What are two things prions (infectious protein particles) are a causative of

A

Bovine spongiform encephalitis (MAD COW DISEASE)

Scrapies (sheep neurological disease)

23
Q

How do you name bacteria/viruses etc

A

The genus followed by the species underlines or italicized

24
Q

Etiology

A

The study of the cause of disease

25
Q

Etiological agent

A

Whatever causes the disease (toxin, trauma, microorganisms)

26
Q

Infection

A

Invasion and multiplication of organisms inside the body

Usually from and injury (direct or indirect)

27
Q

Infectious

A

Capable of causing infection, or being transmitted by infection

28
Q

Infectivity

A

The ability to enter and replicate in a host

29
Q

Direct injury (in the context of infection)

A

Damage to tissues caused by the infectious organism (toxins produced by the bacteria)

30
Q

Indirect injury (in terms of infection)

A

Damage to tissues caused by the immune system

31
Q

Host

A

An animal or plant in/on which a parasite (causes infection) or commensalism organisms (doesn’t cause infection) live on

32
Q

Host cell

A

A cell that has been infected by a microorganisms (becomes the site of replication)

33
Q

Pathogen

A

A virus, bacteria or microorganism that can causes a disease

34
Q

Pathogenic

A

The ability to cause disease

35
Q

Pathogenic factors

A

What allows the pathogen to cause disease

36
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Measure of how much damage a pathogen is able to cause to a host

37
Q

Non-pathogenic

A

Unable to cause disease

38
Q

Virulence

A

Similar to pathogenicity

Measure of a pathogens ability to overcome the body’s defences

39
Q

Virulence factors

A

Similar to pathogenic factor

40
Q

Normal flora

A

Normally present on the healthy host

41
Q

Ubiquitous

A

Found everywhere

42
Q

In vivo

A

Within the body

43
Q

In vitro

A

“With a glass”

Outside the living body, on a dish/in a tube

44
Q

Culture

A

The propagation of microorganisms or living tissues in special growth media

45
Q

List the following in order of smallest to largest:

Bacteria, skin cell, yeast, virus

A

Virus
Bacteria
Yeast
Skin cell

46
Q

What category Is a virus in

A

Acellular

47
Q

What category does bacteria belong in?

A

Prokaryotic

48
Q

What category does a skin cell belong in?

A

Eukaryotic

49
Q

What category does yeast belong in

A

Eukaryotic

50
Q

How can a pathogen have high infectivity but low pathogenicity

A

High ability to replicate/spread easily but causes little damage

Example: common cold: spreads easy but not a lot of damage

Microbiology (12 decks)

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