Unit 1 Flashcards
Not cells because they have no cell wall, metabolism, cytoplasm, etc
Viroids, prions, and viruses
Infectious agents for plants
Viroids
Protein molecules
Contain no genetic molecules
Ex) mad cow disease
Prions
Made up of nucleic acid and dna (or rna) and protein coat(capsid)
Cannot be seen with light microscope
Do not consume anything, only reproduce and evolve
Cannot reproduce without using host cell
Viruses
the cells of ____ lack a nucleus, lack membrane bound organelles and are also extremely small
bacteria and archaea
How do prokaryotes reproduce?
By splitting in half into daughter cells
How can prokaryotes become resistant to antibiotics?
By evolving or they can sometimes connect with a pious and swap dna
Organism gets energy from another organism
Heterotrophic
Gets energy from something other than another organism
Ex) plants get energy from the sun
Autotrophs
Uses chemicals to obtain energy
Chemoautotrophing
Organisms that live in extreme conditions or environments
Usually have adaptations that allow them to do so
Extremophiles
organisms that live in temperature conditions above boiling or below freezing
thermophiles
organisms that live in extremely low ph
acidophiles
organisms that live in extremely salty environments
halophiles
mean number of infections from one infected host
Ro= S x B x L
Ro= S x B x L
Ro= susceptibility x transmissibility x longevity of infectiousness
how many different species there are
biodiversity
all members of a specific species in an area
population
all the different species in an area
community
the age of human impact
anthropocene
distribution and abundance of organisms
ecology
When viewing a slide under a microscope, you should always begin on the ______ objective
lowest objective (4X)
When viewing a slide under a microscope you should always begin focusing with the ______ adjustment knob
course
the scientific name of a species consists of two elements
the generic name and the specific name
living organisms are classified into three domains:
bateria, archaea, and eukarya
the organisms in bacteria and archaea are collectively referred to as
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
organisms in the domain eukarya
single cell organisms, most of which have one of three basic shapes
prokaryotes
three shapes of prokaryotes:
bacillus
coccus
spirillum
rod shaped prokaryotes
bacillus
spherical shaped prokaryotes
coccus
spiral shaped prokaryotes
spirillum
bacilli that occur in chains are called
streptobacilli
cocci occurring in chains are called
streptococci
cocci that occur in cluster are called
staphylococci
largest of prokaryotes shapes
spirilla
contains organisms known as blue-green bacteria or algae
kingdom cyanobacteria
these bacteria carry out oxygen generating photosynthesis, synthesizing organic molecules from carbon dioxide using solar energy
blue-green bacteria
cells that are attached to each other by gelatinous sheaths growing in chains or filaments
filamentous cells
asexual reproduction in cyanobacteria occurs by
fragmentation or fission
a single cell breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new cells
fragmentation
the cell separates into two equal sized cells
fission
although they are similar in appearance to bacteria, they differ in the chemical composition of their cell walls and plasma membranes
archaeans
Methane producers
Methanogens
