Unit 1 Flashcards
Define: Growth
Increase in size.
Define: Development
An increase in skills and functions.
Why do we need to monitor children more closely than adults?
Children decompensate differently than adults. They will compensate for a long time and then suddenly go down and they are very difficult to get back.
What are some nontraditional families?
Nuclear: Dad, mom + kids
Step: One parent has children from a previous relationship
Extended: grandparents etc
Adoptive: adoption
Define: Maturation
An increase in body systems or developmental skills.
In general, in what fashion does growth and development occur.
Usually it will occur in a cephalocaudal (head-toe), distal to proximal, and gross to fine.
What are some factors that can influence a child’s growth?
Access to healthy families and resources. Caregiver health literacy. Social security. Community. Environment. Genetics. Nutrition.
What are the different ages associated with the terms neonatal, infancy, toddler, preschooler, school-aged and adolescence.
Neonatal: Birth until 28 days. Infancy: Birth until 12 months. Toddler: 12 months to 36 months. Preschool: 3-5 years. School-aged: 6-11 years. Adolescence: 12-18 years.
What age is associated with the trust vs. mistrust stage of Eriksons.
Infancy, which is birth to 12 months. The role of the caregiver is critical.
What age is associated with the autonomy vs. shame or doubt stage of Erikson’s.
Toddler, which is 12 months to 36 months.
They cannot take turns until age 3. Is very emotionally liable and can withstand some delayed gratification.
What age is associated with the initiative vs. guilt stage of Erikson’s.
Preschool, which is 3-5 years old. These children and inquisitive and enthusiastic about new things. They engage in full play. They take pride in their accomplishments and feel remorse when they make bad choices.
What age is associated with the industry vs. inferiority stage of Eriksons.
School aged, which is 6-11.
What is a Schema as defined by Paiget?
The basic building blocks of knowledge.
What age range is associated with Paigets sensorimotor stage? How many substages are there?
The sensorimotor stage occurs from birth to 2 years of age. There are 4 substages. Object permanence occurs by 8 months. It is marked with trial-and-error and experimentation.
What age range is associated with Paigets Preoperational stage?
Ages 2-7. They can start to have sophisticated symbolic thought (4-7 years) and can develop a sense of ownership. They can play make believe. And they accept words literally.
What age range is associated with Paigets Concrete Operational Stage stage?
Ages 7-11.
What age range is associated with Paigets Formal Operational stage?
12 and up.
What age is associated with Kohlberg’s pre-conventional morality stage?
What are hallmarks of this stage?
This is seen during the toddler stage (aged 12 months - 36 months)
Obedience and punishment- The need to do right to avoid punishment.
Individualism and exchange- I give you this, so you give me that.
They are learning right from wrong and are their emotional understanding are underdeveloped.
What age is associated with Kohlberg’s Conventional morality stage?
What are hallmarks of this stage?
This is seen in preschool to school-aged children. (3- 11 years old)
Good interpersonal relationships- wants to be seen as nice.
Maintaining the social order- we have to do right so that everything functions well.
What age is associated with Kohlberg’s post-conventional morality stage?
What are hallmarks of this stage?
This is seen in adolescents aged 12-18 years.
Social contracts and individual rights- people create “social contracts” and have rights and freedoms
What age is associated with the identity vs. role confusion stage of Eriksons.
This is seen in adolescence. 10-20 years old.
How much does the average newborn weight? What is the trend in their weight for the first year of life.
Newborn average is 7.5 lbs, with boys being a bit heavier than girls.
They can lose up to 10% of their body weight in the 1st week.
They gain about 30g a day and regains birth weight by 10-14 days of age.
They double in weight by 4-6 months and will triple by 1 year.
What is the average length at birth?
They average 50 cm and grow quickly.
What is the average head circumference at birth? What are the trends within the first year?
The average head circumference is 35 cm.
It increases rapidly in the first 6 months.
Slows slightly at 6-12 months.