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Cultural Anthropology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Four subfields of anthropology

A

biological anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology

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2
Q

biological anthropology

A

study of humans biologically, how they have evolved and adapted to environment

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3
Q

archaeology

A

investigation of human past by excavating and analyzing artifacts

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4
Q

linguistic anthropology

A

study of human language in past and present

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5
Q

cultural anthropology

A

study of peoples communities, beliefs, behaviors, and institutions as they live work and play together

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6
Q

anthropology

A

study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and application of that knowledge to help people understand each other

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7
Q

why rely on the four field approach?

A

they represent a holistic approach for examining human origins and human culture, past and present

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8
Q

holism (holistic)

A

anthropology’s commitment to look at the whole picture of human life

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9
Q

emic

A

describing a culture from an insider’s point of view, make foreign familiar

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10
Q

etic

A

describing a culture from an outsiders point of view, strives to be culturally neutral, a tool for comparison

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11
Q

hegemony

A

material power exerted through coercion or brute force, ability to create consent within a population

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12
Q

agency

A

power of an individual or group to contest, resistance of a dominant group, visible in public

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13
Q

Example of agency being expressed

A

protesting for women’s to choose(abortion), black lives matter movement

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14
Q

ethnocentrism

A

looking at a culture through your own cultural lense

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15
Q

cultural relativism

A

look at a culture through a “native’s” lense

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16
Q

how is it dangerous to be too ethnocentric?

A

can be judgemental

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17
Q

how is it dangerous too be too culturally relativistic?

A

encourages tolerance

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18
Q

effects of globalization on the natural world

A

diminishing biodiversity, destructive land use, extinctions, climate change, anthropocene

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19
Q

anthropocene

A

humans are leaving a permanent bio-stratographical signal on the earth

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20
Q

who are the Nacerima?

A

americans from an outsider’s perspective, making the familiar foreign

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21
Q

key dynamics of globalization

A

time-space compression, flexible accumulation, increasing migration, uneven development

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22
Q

time space compression

A

perceptions of distance and time have changed

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23
Q

flexible accumulation

A

ability to accumulate wealth with global market access, communication, transport, internet, offshoring, outsourcing

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24
Q

increased migration

A

accelerated movement of people

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25
uneven development
unequal distribution of resources, economic winners and losers
26
how is an ethnology comparative?
ethnology studies multiple culture’s beliefs, communities, and compares them to one another
27
norms
group ideas or rules about what behavior is appropriate in a specific situation
28
values
learned, powerful beliefs, can be changed
29
symbols
something that stands for something else
30
mental map of reality
shaped by enculturation, assigns meaning to sensory data and what has been classified
31
epigenics
study in the field of genetics exploring how environmental factors directly affect the expression of genes that are inherited
32
how do we know culture can overcome our biology?
we are born with the ability to learn any culture we might be born in or move in to, ability to learn any set of beliefs, practices, languages
33
environmental tensions that globalization creates
extinctions, diminishing biodiversity, destructive land use, climate change
34
social tensions created by globalization
homogenization(creation of global same type culture, fueled by Western ideas)
35
economic tensions from globalization
unequal distribution of wealth and resources, economic winners and losers
36
how is culture shared, yet contested?
shared experience as a result of living in a group, constantly changing culture, arenas for debate challenging core cultural beliefs and behaviors
37
significance of symbolic language
enables humans to communicate abstract ideas through symbols of written and spoken words, as well as unspoken sounds and gestures
38
identify four anthropological field methods
immersion, qualitative(interviews) and quantitative(number survey) data, time(1-3 years min), language(learn it), field notes, interviews, participant observation
39
how ethnographic fieldwork is a science
because gathering data, testing hypotheses, building theories about how human societies work
40
how ethnographic fieldwork is an art
depends on anthropologists abilities to negotiate interactions, develop relationships, behavior pattern study, conscious of ones own biases
41
cultural diffusion
behaviors that spread from outside a culture that are accepted as is, modified, or rejected
42
innovation
cultural behaviors created from within a culture
43
polyvocality role in fieldwork
uses many different voices in writing and research, allowing to hear more directly from various people in the study
44
reflexivity
self examination of the role the anthropologist plays and awareness that ones identity affects fieldwork and theoretical analysis
45
theory
hypothesis assumed for sake of argument, belief policy or procedure, plausible body of principles
46
thick description
research strategy that combines detailed description of cultural activity with analysis of the layers of deep cultural meaning of those activities
47
what does Geertz’ thick description offer anthropologists?
cockfight represents generations of competition among village families for prestige, power, resources. symbolizes negotiation of family standing within a group
48
work of Boas
conducted studies on immigrants and wide variety of physical forms within the same groups, and how they adapted to new environmental conditions (historical particularism)
49
historical particularism
Boas, cultures develop in specific ways because of their unique histories
50
Malinowski
proposed immersion, learning language, participant observation, analyzed the Kula ring (trade ring)
51
Evans-Pritchard
documents political and social structure in Sudanese tribe, but his study was a British man studying in Sudan which was under British occupation at the time
52
Weiner
focused on same study that Malinowski did, but from women’s POV and their significant role in society
53
Scheper-Hughes
studied tribe in Brazil where children died often, little mourning over death of young ones because of how common it was
54
stratification
uneven distribution of resources and privileges among participants in a group or culture
55
culture shock
feeling of discomfort associated with being in an unfamiliar culture
56
enculturation
how culture is acquired, it is learned
57
armchair anthropology
worked at home in their armchairs while analyzing the work of others
58
unilinear cultural evolution
theory that all cultures naturally evolve through the same sequence of stages from simple to complex
59
4 major events in human evolution
bipedalism, tool construction, modern body form, symbolic or abstract thought
60
chronology of human evolution
ardipithecus, australopithecus, homo habilis, homo ergaster, homo erectus, homo heidelbergensis, homo sapiens neanderthal, homo sapiens sapiens

Cultural Anthropology (2 decks)

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